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                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>بودية , عبد الرحمن</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2022-01-15</text>
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                <text>الفتوى: هي الإخبار عن حكم شرعي؛ من غير إلزام، وإن كان في مسألة مستجدة فهي نازلة، وضع لها المجتهدون ضوابط وشروط، سواء للمتصدّين لها؛ أو للواقعة نفسها، من ذلك كونها واقعة مستجدة، شديدة الوقع على المجتمع، وتعتبر منطقة توات بالجنوب الجزائري؛ حاضرة علمية بامتياز، ظهر بها علماء أكفاء، تصدو للفتوى والقضاء، وكان لهم منهجهم المتميز في ذلك، ومن أهم ما تميز به منهجهم:
1- حرصهم على واقعية الفقه، واجتنابهم الفقه الافتراضي.
2- تقريرهم للجواب، بناء على حجم السؤال وحدوده.
3- التزامهم بالقول المشهور، ولا يخرجون عنه في الغالب إلا أخذا بما جرى به العمل عندهم أو في الحواضر القريبة منهم كفاس وتلمسان.
4- مراعاتهم للأعراف المحلية والظروف والملابسات.</text>
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                <text>La fatwa est le faite d’informer d'une règle légitime sans force exécutoire, et c’est une NAZILA s’il s’agit&amp;nbsp; d’un nouvel incident qui se profile, les mujtahids ont établi des règles et des conditions pour cela, soit pour les jurisconsultes qui y font face, soit pour l'incident lui-même. La NAZILA se distingue aux généralités de la Fatwa&amp;nbsp; par deux caractéristiques principales: a- le faite qu’elle est nouveauté&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; (Il n'a pas d'exemple précédent), b – le faite qu’elle a un&amp;nbsp; impact grave sur la société, de sorte que le demandeur d’opiner précipite au juriste consulte pour s'informer de sa décision légale.
La région de Touat, dans le sud de l'Algérie, est considérée comme une région scientifique par excellence, dans laquelle des théologiens compétant&amp;nbsp; sont penchés sur&amp;nbsp; la fatwa et la magistrature, et ils avaient leur approche distinguée à cet égard, et parmi les caractéristiques les plus importantes de leur approche:
1- Leur soucie&amp;nbsp; pour le réalisme de la jurisprudence et leur évitement de la jurisprudence hypothétique.
2- Leur admittance de réponse, basée sur la grandeur et les limites de la question.
3- Leur engagement à prendre en considération le bien connu, et souvent, ils sortent de cet engagement qu'en prenant en compte ce qui a été fait par eux même; Ou dans les villes proches comme Fez et Tlemcen.
4- Leur respect des coutumes locales, des circonstances du demandeur d’opiner et des circonstances de l'incident.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/658</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ara</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212035">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212037">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212038">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 119-134</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212039">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 119-134</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212040">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 119-134</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212041">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212042">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212043">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212044">
                <text>منهج</text>
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                <text>فتوى</text>
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                <text>توات</text>
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                <text>علماء</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212048">
                <text>منهج الفتوى عند علماء توات</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212049">
                <text>The Fatwa Approach according to the scholars of Tawat</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212050">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212051">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212052">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211998">
                <text>شويط , ياسين</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211999">
                <text>بلحاجي, عبد الصمد</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212000">
                <text>2022-01-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212001">
                <text>تناول هذا البحث أحد أعلام الفقه المالكي في القرن التاسع وهو الإمام والقاضي أبو القاسم عيسى بن ناجي التنوخي وإسهاماته في ساحة الفقه والقضاء، من خلال تسليط الضوء على أحد أخص القواعد الفقهية والقضائية وألصقها بالمذهب المالكي وهي "ما جرى به العمل"، وذلك بمحاولة تتبع إطلاقاته واستعمالاته لهذه القاعدة وتلمس بعض معالم العمل التونسي والإفريقي المستقر في عصره من خلال ما ينص عليه -رحمه الله- من "العمل"، كما يعرض البحث لاجتهاداته وتطبيقاته التي بناها في مجال القضاء على الأخذ بهذه القاعدة الفقهية، وهذا كله بالنظر في واحد من مؤلفاته الفقهية الماتعة الرائعة&amp;nbsp; وهو "شرح تفريع ابن الجلاب".</text>
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                <text>This research addressed one of the scholars of Maliki jurisprudence in the ninth century, imam and judge Abu al-Qasim Issa bin Nadji al-Tanoukhi and his contributions to the field of jurisprudence and judiciary, by highlighting one of the most specific jurisprudence and jurisprudence and attaching it to the Maliki doctrine, which is 'Which has been done', by trying to trace his releases and uses of this rule and touch some of the features oftunisian and African work established in his time through the provisions of the 'work', as well as the research of his jurisprudence and applications built by the judiciary in the field of jurisprudence. With this doctrinal rule, all of this is considered in one of his brilliant jurisprudential works, 'Explaining tafriaibn al-Jallab.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212003">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/657</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212004">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212005">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212006">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/657/502</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212007">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212008">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 101-118</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212009">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 101-118</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212010">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 101-118</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212011">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212012">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212013">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="212014">
                <text>ابن ناجي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212015">
                <text>ما جرى به العمل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212016">
                <text>العمل القضائي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212017">
                <text>العمل الإفريقي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212018">
                <text>شرح التفريع</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212019">
                <text>Which has been done</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212020">
                <text>ibn Nadji</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212021">
                <text>Which has been done in African</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212022">
                <text>Which has been done in Judgment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="212023">
                <text>Ibn al-Jallab</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212024">
                <text>"ما جرى به العمل" عند ابن ناجي من خلال "شرح التفريع"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="212025">
                <text>Which has been done at Ibn Nadji, Through "Sharh Tafri'a"</text>
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211969">
                <text>عطية, جابر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211970">
                <text>حامدي, عبد الكريم</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211971">
                <text>2022-01-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211972">
                <text>تأتي هذه الدراسة لتسلّط الضوء على جانب من جوانب اجتهاد التخريج الفقهي، وبالتحديد الجانب النقدي للتخريج، وقد تعلّق موضوع الدراسة بشرح الرسالة لابن ناجي التنوخي، جاء فيها بعد ترجمة المؤلف والتعريف بكتابه بيانُ معنى التخريج الفقهي، وطرقه وضوابطه، كما تطرّقت لمعنى نقد التخريج، وأن المقصود به تحرير تخريجات الأئمة وعرضها على الأصول والقواعد الحاكمة لعملية التخريج، لبيان الصحيح من الفاسد، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن منهج ابن ناجي في نقد التخريج قائم عرض التخريجات عرضا تحليليا؛ ببيان النصّ المخرَّج عليه، والفرع المخرَّج، ووجه الإلحاق والتخريج، ثم نقده من جهة موافقته لأصول وقواعد الشرع، أو مخالفته إياها، ومن جهة ظهور الفوارق بين الفرع المخرَّج والنصّ المخرَّج عليه، مستعملا في ذلك قواعد نقد القياس الأصولي.</text>
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                <text>This study comes to shed light on an aspect of the diligence, which is the juristic graduation, or what is known as the diligence in the doctrine, specifically the critical aspect of graduation, and the subject of the study was the explanation of El Rissala by Ibn Naji Al-Tanoukhi, in which it came after the biography of the author and the definition of his book, the statement of the meaning of the juristic graduation, and its Methods and its controls ,it also touched on the meaning of graduation criticism, and that it is intended to edit the Scientists ’graduations and present them to the principles and rules governing the graduation process, to clarify the correct from the corrupt.
The study concluded that Ibn Naji's approach to graduation criticism is based on an analytical presentation of graduates, by explaining the text produced, the output branch, and the direction of attachment and graduation, then criticizing it in terms of its agreement with the principles and rules of Sharia, or its contravention of them, and on the side of the emergence of differences between the output branch and the text produced on it, using the rules of criticism of the original measurement.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211974">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/656</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211975">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211976">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/656/501</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211978">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211979">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 83-100</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211980">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 83-100</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211981">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 83-100</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211982">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211983">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211984">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211985">
                <text>التخريج الفقهي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211986">
                <text>نقد التخريج</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211987">
                <text>ابن ناجي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211988">
                <text>شرح الرسالة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211989">
                <text>The juristic graduation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211990">
                <text>graduation criticism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211991">
                <text>Ibn Naji</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211992">
                <text>explaining book of El Rissala</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211993">
                <text>نقد التخريج الفقهي عند ابن ناجي من خلال شرح الرسالة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211994">
                <text>Criticism of Ibn Naji’s Juristic graduation By explaining book of El Rissala</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211995">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211996">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211997">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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  <item itemId="3363" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="35">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211938">
                <text>أبركان, علي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211939">
                <text>الأخضري, الأخضر</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211940">
                <text>2022-01-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211941">
                <text>يتناول هذا المقال دراسة فتوى الشيخ أحمد القابسي المالكي ونظمها للشيخ يوسف الشربيني الشافعي في حكم من طلق زوجته ثلاثا، ثم أراد إرجاعها من غير نكاح غيره لها، بناء على إبطال العقد الأول بإسقاط أحد شروطه وهو الإشهاد، وذلك استنادا إلى الطعن في عدالة الشهود تخريجا على مذهب الإمام الشافعي، وبيانَ صحة هذا التخريج من عدم صحته، وحكمَ من يفتي بذلك وشرعيةَ الاعتداد بفتواه.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211942">
                <text>This article deals with a study of the fatwa of Sheikh Ahmad Al-Qabsi Al-Maliki and organized by Sheikh Yusef Al-Sherbini Al-Shafei regarding the ruling of one who divorced his wife three times, then wanted to return her without marrying someone else to her, based on the annulment of the first contract by dropping one of its conditions, which is testimony, based on the challenge to the justice of witnesses, as a result of The doctrine of Imam al-Shafi’i, and the statement of the validity of this graduation or not, the ruling of those who issue fatwas and the legitimacy of adopting his fatwa.</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211943">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/655</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211944">
                <text>ara</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211945">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211946">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/655/500</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211947">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211948">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 63-82</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211949">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 63-82</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211950">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 63-82</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211951">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211952">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211953">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211954">
                <text>القابسي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211955">
                <text>الشربيني</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211956">
                <text>السيف</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211957">
                <text>الصقيل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211958">
                <text>المطلقة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211959">
                <text>alqabsy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211960">
                <text>alshrbyny</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211961">
                <text>alsyf</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211962">
                <text>alsqyl</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211963">
                <text>Divorced</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211964">
                <text>فتوى الشيخ أحمد القابسي المالكي ونظمُها المسمى «السيف الصَّقيل في عنق من يرُدُّ المطَلَّقة الثلاث من غير تحليل» للشيخ يوسف الشربيني الشافعي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211965">
                <text>The fatwa of Sheikh Ahmad al-Qabsi al-Maliki, which was organized by the name: “alsayf alssaqyl fi eunq min yaqul biradd alzawjat almtalqt althalath min ghyr tahlil” by Sheikh Yusuf al-Sherbini al-Shafi’i</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211966">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211967">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211968">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="3362" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211908">
                <text>الصادق, جمال الدين</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211909">
                <text>2022-01-15</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211910">
                <text>تناول البحث بالدراسة قضية مهمة في الفقه والفتوى، ألا وهي: نقد الفتاوى الفقهية لدى أحد أعلام المدرسة التونسية القيروانية في عصره، وهو المفتي: الإمام أبو القاسم عظوم، وذلك من خلال ما بثه من فتاوى في كتابه الأجوبة؛ حيث تتبع الباحث تلك الفتاوى التي عرضها ابن عظوم لمعاصريه، وعطفه عليها بالإجابة والنقد والتصحيح لما احتوته من أغلاط سواء في الجانب الفقهي أو اللغوي؛ وذلك من خلال المزاوجة بين الدراسة النظرية والأمثلة التطبيقية من أجوبة ابن عظوم؛ والتي قد تبين من خلالها إن نقد ابن عظوم لمعاصريه اصطبغ بمبدأ الدقة والتحليل لتلك الفتاوى التي وردت عنهم، سواء في الجانب الفقهي أو اللغوي أو في جانب النصح والوعظ والإرشاد والجهر بكلمة الحق لكل من يخطأ، مقدما للدليل على كل ما يبديه من نقود في حق معاصريه.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211911">
                <text>The study dealt with an important issue in jurisprudence and fatwa, namely: the criticism of the jurisprudence fatwas of one of the prominent figures of the Tunisian school of Kairouanian in his time, and he is the mufti: Imam Abu al-Qasim Azum, through what he transmitted of fatwas in his book Al-Jawwaba. Where the researcher followed those fatwas presented by Ibn Adhum to his contemporaries, and his sympathy for them to answer, criticize and correct what they contained in terms of errors, whether in the juridical or linguistic side. And that is through the combination of theoretical study and practical examples from Ibn Adhum's answers; And through which it has been shown that Ibn Adhum's criticism of his contemporaries was colored by the principle of accuracy and analysis of those fatwas that came from them, whether in the jurisprudential or linguistic aspect, or in the aspect of advice, preaching, counseling, and pronouncing the word of truth for everyone who errs, providing evidence for all the criticism he expresses in the rights of his contemporaries.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211912">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/654</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211913">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211914">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211915">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/654/499</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211916">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211917">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 45-62</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211918">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 45-62</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211919">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 45-62</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211920">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211921">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211922">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211923">
                <text>الإمام</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211924">
                <text>الفتاوى</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211925">
                <text>ابن عظوم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211926">
                <text>النقد</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211927">
                <text>الأجوبة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211928">
                <text>Imam</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211929">
                <text>Fatwas</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211930">
                <text>Ibn Azoum</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211931">
                <text>criticism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211932">
                <text>Answers</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211933">
                <text>الإمام أبو القاسم ابن عظوم (كان حيا سنة 1009هـ) ونقده لفتاوى معاصريه من خلال كتابه الأجوبة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211934">
                <text>Imam abu al-qasm azoum is (he was alivea year 1009ah) agreat person and his criticism of the fatwas of his contemporaries through his book Al-Jawwaba</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211935">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211936">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211937">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="3361" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
                </elementText>
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            </element>
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        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211880">
                <text>سعدي, منير</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211881">
                <text>2022-01-15</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211882">
                <text>يُعنى هذا البحث بإبراز مكانة القاضي ابن القصَّار في المذهب المالكي وخاصة عند مالكية العراق، وأيضًا بيان مصادر الاستدلال ومنهجه عند ابن القصار، وهل اتَّبع المنهج الذي تميَّزت به المدرسة العراقية أم خالفها في ذلك.
وقد أسفرت نتائج البحث إلى أنّ القاضي ابن القصَّار من أبرز علماء المذهب المالكي عمومًا والمدرسة العراقية خصوصًا، كما أنَّه اتَّبع نهج المدرسة العراقية في مصادر الاستدلال وفي المنهج المتبع في طرح الأدلة وترتيبها.</text>
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                <text>This research is concerned with highlighting the position of Judge Ibn Al-Qassar in the Maliki school of thought, especially among the Malikis of Iraq, and also explaining the sources of inference and his approach according to Ibn Al-Qassar, and whether he followed the curriculum that distinguished the Iraqi school or disagreed with it in that.
The results of the research revealed that Judge Ibn Al-Qassar was one of the most prominent scholars of the Maliki school in general and the Iraqi school in particular, and he also followed the Iraqi school approach in the sources of inference and in the approach followed in presenting and arranging evidence.</text>
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                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 22 عدد 1 (2022); 31-44</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211890">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022); 31-44</text>
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                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 22 No 1 (2022); 31-44</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211892">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211893">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
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                <text>10.59791/ihy.v22i1</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211895">
                <text>مصادر</text>
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                <text>الاستدلال</text>
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                <text>منهج</text>
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                <text>ابن القصار</text>
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                <text>Sources</text>
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                <text>Inference</text>
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                <text>Method</text>
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                <text>Ibn Al Qassar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211903">
                <text>مصادر الاستدلال ومنهجه عند القاضي ابن القصَّار المالكي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211904">
                <text>Sources of inference and his approach according to Judge Ibn Al-Qassar Al-Maliki</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211850">
                <text>TABBI , Badreddine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211851">
                <text>BENSAFI , Zoulikha</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211853">
                <text>تهدف هذه الدراسة لاكتشاف العلاقة بين الإسلاموفوبيا، والعداء للمهاجرين، والتمييز العنصري المناهض للمسلمين في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، كما تركز بشكل خاص على النزعة الاسلاموفوبية للرئيس الأمريكي دونالد ترامب كمرجعية جديدة في تاريخ أمريكا المعادي للمهاجرين والذي تطور مرة أخرى في الوقت الراهن. يحلل البحث أيضا العداء الحالي والتمثيل السلبي إزاء العرب والمسلمين فيما يتعلق بالإسلام والقيم الديمقراطية الأمريكية. في الحقيقة، شكوك دونالد ترامب وكذا منعه دخول المسلمين لأمريكا لا مبرر لها لأنها في الواقع انتهاك لجوهر الدستور الأمريكي والتقاليد البديهية للولايات المتحدة كأرض للفرص</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211854">
                <text>The aim underlying this research is to explore the relationship between Islamophobia, nativism, and anti-Muslim discrimination in the United States and focuses particularly on President Donald Trump’s Islamophobic trend as a new benchmark in America’s nativist history that once again blossomed out in contemporary time. The research analyses the present day hostility and the negative representations toward Arabs and Muslims in relation to Islam and American democratic values. In fact, Donald Trump’s suspicions and Muslim bans are unwarranted since they are in fact an infringement over the kernel of the American Constitution and the axiomatic tradition of U.S.A. as a land of opportunity</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211855">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/644</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211856">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211857">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211858">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/644/490</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211859">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211860">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 21 عدد 2 (2021); 1107-1128</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211861">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021); 1107-1128</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211862">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No 2 (2021); 1107-1128</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211863">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211864">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211865">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v21i2</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211866">
                <text>الإسلاموفوبيا</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211867">
                <text>العداء للمهاجرين</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211868">
                <text>التمييز العنصري</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211869">
                <text>المسلمون</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211870">
                <text>دونالد ترامب</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211871">
                <text>Islamophobia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211872">
                <text>nativism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211873">
                <text>discrimination</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211874">
                <text>Muslims</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211875">
                <text>Donald Trump</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211876">
                <text>Islamophobia, Nativism, and Discrimination: President Donald Trump’s Anti-Muslim Agenda</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211877">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211878">
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                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211820">
                <text>مباركي , محمد الصالح</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211821">
                <text>2021-10-24</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211822">
                <text>يحتل التحصيل الضريبي المكانة الهامة من بيع عمليات التأسيس للضريبة، بواسطته تتحول الوضعيات الجبائية من الحالة الرقمية إلى الحالة النقدية وباعتباره الوسيلة الأهم لتمويل ميزانية الدولة والجماعات المحلية.
وفي ورقتنا هذه نستعرض في المبحث الأول ماهية التحصيل الضريبي، إجراءاته، إشكاله وقواعده، وفي مبحث ثاني نستعرض واقع التحصيل الضريبي في الجزائر ونقف على مردوده الضعيف ثم نستعرض سبل تحسين وضعية التحصيل الضريبي.
أخيرا نختم بخاتمة ملخصة للموضوع نردفها بتوصيات نرجو عند العمل بها تحقيق مردودية أكبر لحصيلة التحصيل الجبائي.</text>
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                <text>Tax collection occupies an important place in the sale of taxation operations, whereby the tax situation changes from digital to monetary and as the most important means of financing the state budget and local communities.
In this paper we review in the first topic what is the tax collection, its procedures, forms and rules, and in the second section we review the reality of tax collection in Algeria and we look at its weak returns and then review ways to improve the status of tax collection
Finally, we conclude with a concise summary of the subject Nerdvha recommendations when we hope to achieve greater cost-effectiveness of the outcome of fiscal collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211824">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/639</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211825">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211826">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
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                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/639/484</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211828">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="211829">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 21 عدد 2 (2021); 1075-1096</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211830">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021); 1075-1096</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211831">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No 2 (2021); 1075-1096</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211832">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211833">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211834">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v21i2</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211835">
                <text>التحصيل الجبائي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211836">
                <text>المرحلة الودية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211837">
                <text>المرحلة الجبرية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211838">
                <text>المكلف بالضريبة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211839">
                <text>الضغط الضريبي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211840">
                <text>Tax collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211841">
                <text>amicable stage</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211842">
                <text>algebraic stage</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211843">
                <text>taxpayer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211844">
                <text>tax pressure</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211845">
                <text>التحصيل الضريبي واقع وآفاق</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211846">
                <text>Tax collection is a reality and prospects</text>
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                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
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                  <text>الإحياء</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211790">
                <text>مطمر, محمد العيد</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211791">
                <text>2021-10-24</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211792">
                <text>يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على أحد أهم المواضيع الكبرى في تاريخ المجتمعات البشرية، ألا وهو تمثلات البطل في جانبها الأنثروبولوجي – التاريخي، ضمن المحاور الأساسية للموضوع، وهي نماذج لأداء البطل في الأسطورة وكذا في التاريخ والفلسفة. ويمكن وصف البطل بأنه شجاع، مبدع محب للحياة، عاطفي وحدسي متساهل، وبذلك يكون قادرا على التأثير في سلوكيات الأفراد، ويحاول الالتزام بتلك الصفات والعمل بموجبها، دون تردد أو ملل.
ومن النتائج؛ التي تم استخلاصها من خلال ورقة البحث هذه، أن البطل هو صورة ماثلة في المجتمع بوجود الإنسان، وقد حظي بمكانة مرموقة في الممارسات الدينية والاجتماعية والسياسية في مختلف الحضارات وعلى مر الزمن، ويبقى البطل رجل أحداث، أفعاله هي نتائج، طاقات وملكات وذكاء حاد وإرادة قوية، وله قدرة فائقة على جذب انتباه الناس إليه، مستخدما بذلك مهاراته في المجتمع</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="211793">
                <text>This research aims to highlight one of the most major topics in human's history, which is: «The hero image from the anthropological side». I choose firstly to start with the definitions of these important concepts: (Hero and Heroism) accompanied by some models for hero’s performance in myth as in history and philosophy. In fact, the hero can be described as courageous, creative, lover of life, emotional, intuitive and permissive, and able to influence the behavior of individuals, and tries to adhere to those qualities and act according to them, without hesitation or boredom.
The most important results that have been drawn from this research is that the hero has a deep influence on the different religious, social, and political practices in society. He is considered as a great and bright model, he still an immortal in the memory of the successive generations.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211794">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/635</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211795">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211796">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211797">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/635/483</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211798">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211799">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 21 عدد 2 (2021); 1065-1074</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211800">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021); 1065-1074</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211801">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No 2 (2021); 1065-1074</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211802">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211803">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211804">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v21i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211805">
                <text>البطل</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211806">
                <text>البطولة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211807">
                <text>المفاهيم</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211808">
                <text>المجتمعات</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211809">
                <text>المهارات</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211810">
                <text>Hero</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211811">
                <text>Heroism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211812">
                <text>Concepts</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211813">
                <text>Communities</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211814">
                <text>Skills</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211815">
                <text>تمثلات البطل في تاريخ المجتمعات (مقاربة أنثربولوجية - تاريخية)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211816">
                <text>Representations of the Hero in the History of Societies (Anthropological-Historical Approach)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211817">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211818">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211819">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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    <collection collectionId="35">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="67357">
                  <text>مجلة منار الشرق للتربية و تكنولوجيا التعليم </text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="207485">
                  <text>الإحياء</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211760">
                <text>مرازقـة, فتيحة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211761">
                <text>2021-10-24</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211762">
                <text>تهدف الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على واقع تطبيقات تكنولوجيا التعريف بترددات الراديو Radio Frequency Identification RFID، ومعرفة ما إذا كانت مكتباتنا الجامعية الجزائرية مؤهلة لتطبيق هذه التكنولوجيا، ومدى إدراك المكتبيين ضرورة ذلك كتقنية حديثة تستدعي تبنيها وتطبيقاتها، لما لها من عوائد مختلفة، كضمان حلول لمشاكل عدة تواجهها هذه المكتبات.
في هذا البحث نسعى إلى فهم هذه التكنولوجياالحديثة، ومعرفة مكوناتها وأنواعها وكذا استخداماتها وتطبيقاتها في المكتبات الجامعية، وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كمنهج يسمح بوصف وتشخيص الظاهرة المراد دراستها، وأخذنا من المكتبيين الذين يطبقون تكنولوجيا التعريف بترددات الراديوRFID في المكتبة المركزية لجامعة العربي بن مهيدي بأم البواقي الجزائر كعينة لدراستنا، كما استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات، من أجل الوصول إلى نتائج ملموسة وموضوعية، حيث توصلت الدراسة في الأخير إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها أن المكتبي يعلم جيدا فوائد تكنولوجيا التعريف بترددات الراديو RFID، ويسعى بجدية إلى تعميم هذه التطبيقات على كافة العمليات والوظائف في المكتبة محل الدراسة.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211763">
                <text>The study aims to shed light on the reality of the applications of RFID radio frequency identification technology, and to find out if our Algerian university libraries are eligible to apply this technology, and to what extent librarians realize the need for it. That modern technology that requires its adoption and applications, due to its different yields, as solutions to several problems it faces. These libraries.
In this research, we seek to understand this modern technology, and to know its components and types, as well as its uses and applications in university libraries. The analytical descriptive approach has been invoked as an approach to study the description and diagnosis of the phenomenon, and we have taken librarians who apply radio frequency identification technology to the central library of the University. Al-Arabi Bin Mahdi in Umm Al-Baqi Al-Algeria as a sample for our study, because the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data, in order to obtain tangible and objective results. To define RFID Radio Frequency, seriously and seek to integrate these applications across all processes and functions in the library under study.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211764">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/634</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211765">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211766">
                <text>Universié Batna 1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211767">
                <text>https://journals.univ-batna.dz/index.php/elihyaa/article/view/634/482</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211768">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211769">
                <text>الإحياء; مجلد 21 عدد 2 (2021); 1047-1064</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211770">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No. 2 (2021); 1047-1064</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211771">
                <text>El ihyaa; Vol. 21 No 2 (2021); 1047-1064</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211772">
                <text>1112-4350</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211773">
                <text>2588-2406</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211774">
                <text>10.59791/ihy.v21i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211775">
                <text>مكتبي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211776">
                <text>تكنولوجيا التعريف بتردد الراديو RFID</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211777">
                <text>دراسة ميدانية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211778">
                <text>مكتبة جامعية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211779">
                <text>جامعة العربي بن مهيدي أم البواقي</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211780">
                <text>Librarian</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211781">
                <text>Identification Radio Frequency RFID</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211782">
                <text>Field study</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211783">
                <text>University library</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211784">
                <text>El-Arbi Ben Mhidi  Oum El bouaghi university</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211785">
                <text>المكتبي وتطبيقات تكنولوجيا التعريف بترددات الراديو في المكتبات الجامعية: دراسة ميدانية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211786">
                <text>Librarian and identification radio frequency technology Applications In the university libraries: A field study</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="211787">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211788">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="211789">
                <text>مؤلَّف محكَّم</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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