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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>بلحاج, صالح</text>
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                <text>بالخير, أرفيس</text>
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                <text>Semahi, Samir</text>
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                <text>Djebri, Boualem</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122626">
                <text>2014-01-01</text>
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                <text>2023-10-22</text>
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                <text>لقد أضحت دراسة التفكير البلاغي عند العرب بآليات و مقاربات منهجية معاصرة من إهتمامات الباحثين و المختصين خصوصا أولائك الذين أرادوا ربط التراث بأواصر التحديث</text>
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                <text>Le secteur résidentiel est à l’origine de 35 % de la consommation d’énergie finale en Algérie. Les perspectives de développement du parc de logements conduiront à un accroissement exponentiel de cette consommation énergétique. Dans ce contexte, la conception et la réalisation de logements énergétiquement efficace s’impose comme une nécessité à la maîtrise des consommations énergétiques de ce secteur. L’objectif principal de ce travail est le développement d’un outil, afin d’aider les architectes à concevoir des bâtiments performants en terme énergétique et confortable sur le plan thermique. L’objectif de cet outil est d’assister l’architecte durant les processus de la conception architecturale. En outre, il présente le savoir et le savoir-faire de la conception énergétique du bâtiment sous la forme d’aide simple, ponctuel, et accessible aux architectes. Dans cet article, on élabore une analyse bioclimatique de la région choisie (Béchar) qui représente le contexte aride et semi-aride en Algérie. Nous comparons en premier, les conditions extérieures de la zone d’étude et les conditions de conforts thermiques intérieurs adéquates pour les occupants. Cette comparaison consiste à définir les exigences de conception architecturale, qui assurent le maintien des conditions favorables et la protection contre les conditions défavorables. Par conséquent, cela nous conduit aux choix pertinents entre les stratégies conceptuelles.</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v8i16.1845</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v16i3.400</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122631">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/400/1437</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 8 عدد 2 (2013): v8i162013; 194-218</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 8 No 2 (2013): v8i162013; 194-218</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2013): v8i162013; 194-218</text>
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                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 551 – 568</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 551 – 568</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>الدرس البلاغي</text>
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                <text>إشكالية التحديث</text>
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                <text>المنهج</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122643">
                <text>المصطلح</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261793">
                <text>Bâtiment à haute performance énergétique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261794">
                <text>Efficacité énergétique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261795">
                <text>Confort thermique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261796">
                <text>Etude bioclimatique</text>
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                <text>Outil d’aide à la conception</text>
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                <text>Stratégie conceptuelle</text>
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                <text>الدرس البلاغي و إشكالية التحديث قراءة في المصطلح و المنهج</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261799">
                <text>La conception des logements à haute performance énergétique (HPE) en Algérie - Proposition d’un outil d’aide à la conception dans les zones arides et semi-arides</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122603">
                <text>مرتاض, عبد الجليل</text>
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                <text>Kazet, Myrin</text>
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                <text>Mouangue, Ruben</text>
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                <text>Kuitche, Alexis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261751">
                <text>Ndjaka, Jean Marie</text>
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                <text>Takam, Sylvar</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122604">
                <text>2003-04-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261753">
                <text>2023-10-22</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>علآمة ما ليس إجيارا اًن تكون دوما لسانية، لكل مؤسة صناعية أو اقتصادية كبرى غلامة، لكتها ليت في شيء من اسيات، ومثلها علامات اخرى لاحصر لها، والب في هذا ألها لا تقبل أي تقطع مزدوج أو تصرف فيها، يكاد هذا الفرب من العلامات السميوارجية يشبه إل حد ما أصرات البهائم والطبيعة ولفات الكاننات الأخرى غير الانانية، لا يمكن لك أن تقطع الفرء الأحمر المئير إلى ماش السيارة بالوقوف إلى متويين، ومثل هذا: هوت رعد وهدير بحر، وثغاء حروف رمواء ةط٠.. والعلاقة بين شقي العلامة اللسانية تشبه العلاقة الكامنة في العلامة غير الساتية 1 ; حيث اقبعاد أية صلة طبيعية بين العلامة وما تدل عليه ٠ لا توحد أية صلة طبيعية بين لاعلم أحمر) واقسام يعرض صاحبه لخطر، وبالمثل لا ترجد أية صلة طبيعية بين  (خ،ر،و،فء-خروف-والحيوان المفار إليه، والوحدات الولغة للغة الإنانية كلها علامات بصرف النفر عن كرنما دالة أو غير دالة . ومما تنهب إليه بعض العاجم اللسانية الخفصة أن المعنى الأكر ععرما و شيوعا باب للعلامة ح1لج1ة ة1 أنه يشار ما إلى كل من ارمز ةا0ة01كل3 ء1 والموشر ةثءس1ل1 أو إل الئارة ا113ج؛5 ع1 ٨ بحيث سص ٠ن ماهية مختلغة بديلأ1اأ؛أ5ئلا5 لعنصر 3 والعلامة أولا يمكن أن تعادل الوشر ج0ل111،1ل1 وبذلك يكون الؤثر أو العلامة طاهرذ غاب ماتكون طبيعية، وتدرك إدراكا حيا باشرا، مئلا: اللون القاتم للعماء علامة أو مؤثر لعامغة وشيكة الوقوع، وارتفاع درجة حرارة في جم يمكن أن تكون علامة أو مؤشر لرض تهيأ للبروز . ويمكن للعلامة بمفهوم آخر أن تكون معادلة؛أ1حا1٧3لا٩ة للشارة، ومنا اب فإن ١لعلامة والشارة جزءمن صنف الؤنرات 5ج0لا،0ل ةجه ج1ا01جى3ء، ويمتلك مميزات من العلامة - الوشر، ومثل هذ، الأخيرة العلامة - الشارة بوصفها حدثا يدرك فورا ليبى. بحدوث شيء آخر لا يدرك فوريا ، غير أنه لكي تكون العلامة</text>
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                <text>Ce travail de recherche a pour but de présenter une étude permettant d’apporter une aide efficace à la prise des décisions concernant la planification et la réalisation de projets à énergie éolienne. Dans cette perspective, nous commençons par la détermination des différents paramètres liés au vent, telle que la modélisation mathématique de la distribution des fréquences du vent: distribution de Weibull, puis le traitement et la simulation numérique des données réelles relatives au vent collectées pendant douze mois, afin de fournir des prédictions sur un site de la ville de Ngaoundéré. Ensuite, nous évaluons son potentiel éolien, sa prédiction de l’énergie électrique produite tout en nous appuyant sur la prise en compte des obstacles environnant le site de la collecte, de la rugosité du site et d’un choix judicieux d’aérogénérateurs. Enfin, nous déterminons la direction des éoliennes dans le site et nous procédons à une analyse de la turbulence du vent.</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v2i3.1761</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/397</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v16i3.397</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/397/1436</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261761">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261762">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 2 عدد 1 (2003): v2i32003; 7-39</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 2 No 1 (2003): v2i32003; 7-39</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122614">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2003): v2i32003; 7-39</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122615">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261763">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 527 - 538</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 527 - 538</text>
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                <text>العلامة اللسانية</text>
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                <text>الدلالة اللغوية</text>
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                <text>الدلالة الشرعية</text>
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                <text>Eolienne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261769">
                <text>Conversion d’énergie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261770">
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                <text>Modélisation et simulation numérique des données du vent en vue d’une prédiction de l’énergie électrique d’origine éolienne: cas d’un site de la ville de Ngaoundéré au Cameroun</text>
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                <text>هذا المقال المنتمي غلى مجال تدريس اللغة الانجيزية للأغراض الكادمية يشير إلى أن تدريس الكتابة الأكادمية ينبغي أن يحتا مكانا مركزيا في منهاج تدريس طلبة اللغة الانجليزية من خلال اشراك جميع أساتذة</text>
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                <text>Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT’s) play an important role in stand alone photovoltaic systems. MPPT’s find and maintain operation at the maximum power point, using an MPPT algorithm. Many MPPT algorithms have been proposed in the literature. The MPPT techniques using microprocessors are favored because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV module. The efficiency of these MPPT algorithms is drops in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The incremental conductance solves this problem. In the other way, we find that the constant voltage algorithm is the simplest and is more effective than the incremental conductance in case of low solar irradiance condition. This paper combines the two models MPPT control algorithm, the constant voltage and the incremental conductance under different solar irradiance levels. Firstly, a novel model is proposed to predict the PV module performance for engineering applications and compared with the Walker model. A MSX60 PV, BPSX150 PV and PB585 PV modules are selected to proof the performance of the proposed model. Next, the combined two model MPPT algorithm is applied at various irradiations solar. Finally, a model of Cuk converter is built in order to verify the performance of proposed MPPT algorithm.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 517 – 526</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 517 – 526</text>
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                <text>Developing Discipline-specific Discourse Competence In Academic Writing The Need For A Pedagogy Of Genre</text>
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                <text>Two combined model MPPT algorithms for stand alone photovoltaic systems</text>
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                <text>أوسكورت, محمد</text>
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                <text>Haddoum, Saliha</text>
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                <text>Rahmani, Abdelkader</text>
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                <text>Ahmed Zaïd, Toudert</text>
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                <text>يتناول هذا المقال أهمية إستخدام الأستاذ للتغذية الراجعة باعتبارها إجراء ناجعا في تحسين القدرة على التعبير الكتابي عموما و تطوير صنعه الكتابة باللغة الانجلزية على وجه الخصوص ، و هو ما يجب أن يكون انشغال كل أساتذة التعبير الكتابي في سياق اللغة الانجلزية سواء أكانت لغة ثانية أم اجنبية .</text>
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                <text>Ce travail est une réflexion sur les possibilités de valorisation des déchets forestiers pour le développement des filières de bois énergie utilisant la technique de cogénération. Outre les impacts bénéfiques sur l’environnement, ces filières de bois énergie peuvent avoir des retombées socio-économiques qui pourraient contribuer au développement durable de régions désenclavées à l’intérieur du pays. Partant d’un inventaire forestier établi en 2007, nous avons simulé une filière en optant pour la cogénération en tant que procédé de transformation accessible et adapté au ‘portrait biomasse’ de l’Algérie, consolidé par une étude technico-économique très sommaire d’une centrale électrique de cogénération utilisant la biomasse comme combustible. La simulation a été faite au moyen du logiciel RETScreen développé par le gouvernement canadien pour encourager l’implantation de projets d’énergie renouvelable.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/395</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 507 – 516</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 507 – 516</text>
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                <text>Nature And Importance Of Teacher S Feedback In The Writing Process</text>
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                <text>Etude du potentiel de biomasse forestière en vue du développement des filières bois énergie en Algérie</text>
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                <text>Estimation du flux de masse et de chaleur d’une installation de distillation à détentes étagées (MSF) couplée à un capteur cylindro parabolique pour le dessalement d’eau de mer</text>
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                <text>رسالتان للخليفة عمر بن عبد العزيز في القضاء و القدر و الرد على القدرية -المعتزلة - عرض و دراسة</text>
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                <text>Poursuite du point de puissance maximale d’un système photovoltaïque par les méthodes de l’incrémentation de conductance et la perturbation &amp; observation</text>
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                <text>Ce travail présente une modeste contribution sur le domaine des éléments finis. On a essayé de résoudre l’équation de Poisson avec les conditions aux limites de type Dirichlet dans un domaine quelconque bidimensionnel simplement connexe. Après une brève théorie sur la résolution de cette équation, on a trouvé les solutions analytiques exactes que pour les sections circulaires, rectangulaires et elliptiques. D’où notre intérêt est orienté vers la recherche des solutions numériques approchées. La méthode utilisée est celle des éléments finis. Deux programmes de calcul numérique ont été réalisés dans ce contexte. Le premier est consacré pour la génération du maillage triangulaire dans les domaines concernés. On a développé ici une technique permettant de générer un maillage de type ‘H’ dans n’importe quel domaine simplement connexe. Le deuxième programme réalisé est celui pour la résolution numérique de l’équation de Poisson dans un domaine simplement connexe avec les conditions aux limites de Dirichlet. Le programme utilise un seul type d’élément fini est le triangle à trois noeuds. Le problème résolu a un grand intérêt physique et pratique dans pas mal de disciplines, telles que, le transfert de chaleur dans des ailettes de moteur, l’écoulement à travers les conduites quelconques et d’autres problèmes tels que, l’étude de la torsion des poutres de sections non circulaires arbitraires comme la torsion des pales d’hélicoptères et les ailettes dans les refroidisseurs ainsi que les aubes dans les compresseurs. Les résultats présentés sont choisis pour des sections simples pour but de comparaison et pour d’autres formes complexes.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2014): v9i172014; 236-255</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 441 - 484</text>
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                <text>Génération de maillage type H</text>
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                <text>Méthode de résolution directe de Khaletski</text>
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                <text>Stockage des matrices sous forme de vecteur</text>
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                <text>هوية المكان في الرواية العربية الجزائرية بين التقديس و التدنيس</text>
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                <text>Solution de l’équation de Poisson dans un domaine bidimensionnel par la méthode des éléments finis</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122475">
                <text>بوالشعير, عبد العزيز</text>
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                <text>بوزنتشة, نور الدين</text>
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                <text>Kaabi, Abdennacer</text>
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                <text>Annane, Saad</text>
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                <text>Brieche, Chemseddine</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2023-10-22</text>
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                <text>تعد البلاغة الجديدة وليدة هذا العصر ، و لكن جذورها تعود إلى البلاغة الكلاسيكية متمثلة في بلاغة أرسطو ، و قد سعى بيرلمان إلى بعثها و تطويرها من خلال تركيزه على الجانب الحجاجي ، الذي يعده أساس هذه البلاغة التى وسمت بالجديدة ، و ذلك بوضعه لجملة من الأصول و التقنيات التي تقوم عليها ، و من ثمة فالبلاغة الجديدة ما هي إلا محاولة لإحياء هذا القديم في ثوب جديد الكلمات المفتاحية</text>
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                <text>La demande sans cesse de l’énergie, nous a conduit à étudier le capteur solaire hybride photovoltaïque / thermique, qui produit, à la fois, de l’énergie électrique et thermique. Notre travail a pour but de réaliser une étude technico-économique d’un capteur hybride photovoltaïque / thermique à air, où on a évalué l’effet de la variation de la vitesse du vent et de l’épaisseur du canal d’air sur les différents rendement, tout comme l’évolution de la fonction coût/rendement, en prenant différents types d’isolants, qui a été aussi réalisée.</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2014): v9i172014; 208-235</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No 1 (2014): v9i172014; 208-235</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2014): v9i172014; 208-235</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 425 – 440</text>
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                <text>بيرلمان</text>
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                <text>البلاغة الجديدة - النظرية الحجاجية - عند بيرلمان - محاولة تأصيل</text>
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                <text>Les retombées technico-économiques d’un capteur hybride photovoltaïque / thermique à air</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122453">
                <text>قدور, سكينة</text>
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                <text>حصيد, فيصل</text>
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                <text>Mesri, Mokhtaria</text>
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                <text>Ghilane, Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Bachari, Nour El Islam</text>
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                <text>تعتبر قضية تلقي المناهج النقدية في النقد العربي الحديث و المعاصر من أهم القضايا التي تطرحها الساحة النقدية لما تتضمنه من عديد الإشكالات على المستويين التأصيلي و الإجرائي</text>
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                <text>This work considers a large-scale multisite investigation of the effects of sunshine duration on Algerian territory. It also studies the correlation between sunshine duration and commonly used climatic parameters (temperature, water vapour pressure, evaporation, relative humidity and rainfall). Two data sets have served this purpose. The first one consists of sunshine duration measurements of the whole Algerian weather network over the period 1960-2002 while the second set provides climatic parameters collected in Dar El-Beida, Algiers (36° 41'N, 03°13' E) over the period 1950-2008. This station is the best in terms of fulfilling criteria such as long time data series (at least 50 years) as well as reliable measurements. To achieve the expected goal, we use an appropriate objective clustering method, named Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a coupling of a Hierarchical Ascending Clustering (HAC) algorithm. PCA is often used not only for reducing the data before the actual clustering is carried out but also because it might help identifying the characteristics of the clusters. In this way, we establish a distribution of weather stations and identify the main homogeneous areas of the country that are more distinguishable and useful to our purpose as well as we classify the months of year. Obtained results divide Algeria into three distinct climate regions which daily monthly means of sunshine duration are also studied. Further information can be drawn through maps established by ‘MapInfo’ Software. According to the correlation matrix, it also turns out that sunshine duration strongly influences climatic parameters.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/390</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/390/1429</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261568">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2014): v9i172014; 185-207</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No 1 (2014): v9i172014; 185-207</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2014): v9i172014; 185-207</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122466">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>1112-4628</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v9i17</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 413 - 424</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261571">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 413 - 424</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261574">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v16i3</text>
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                <text>مناهج النقد</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122470">
                <text>بيئة الإنتاج</text>
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                <text>فضاء التلقي</text>
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                <text>Automated clustering</text>
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                <text>Hierarchical Ascending Clustering ‘ACH’</text>
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                <text>Principal Components Analysis ‘PCA’</text>
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                <text>Climatic parameters</text>
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                <text>Sunshine duration</text>
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                <text>Climatic regions</text>
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                <text>Correlation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122472">
                <text>مناهج النقد بين بيئة الإنتاج و فضاء التلقي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261582">
                <text>An approach to spatio-temporal analysis for climatic data</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122431">
                <text>لواتي, امال</text>
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                <text>بومالي, حنان</text>
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                <text>Abderezzak, Bilal</text>
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                <text>Khelidj, Benyoucef</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261534">
                <text>Tahar Abbes, Miloud</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014-01-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261535">
                <text>2023-10-22</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>يعد بدر شاكر السياب أحد اهم أقطاب الشعر العربي المعاصر ، حيث يقف الملتقىي لخطابه الشعري عند معالم حياته الواقعية و الذاتية و السياسية سواء بصورة مباشرة أو بطريقة يوحى بها إليها</text>
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                <text>This work is a study of coupled charges and heat transfers phenomena on a low temperature PEMFC single cell. A one-dimensional steady state model was developed to compute current and temperature distributions in a PEMFC single cell whatever the operating conditions. The work comprises of three parts: Firstly, a literature survey was conducted to describe the principle of a PEMFC and the fundamental operations. A state of the art of the previous modeling works on the PEMFC was also presented in this part. Secondly, the developed model using the basic relations to describe heat and charges transfer phenomena occurring in the single PEM cell was presented. Finally, a simple simulation tool called FCvb was performed and optimized using Visual Basic Excel and referring to the previous relations in the developed model. To finalize this study, a conclusion and perspectives were presented in the last part of this work.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1707</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v9i17.1707</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/389</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261539">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v16i3.389</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="122437">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261540">
                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122438">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261541">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122439">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1707/1188</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261542">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/389/1428</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122440">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261543">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261544">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122441">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2014): v9i172014; 168-184</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No 1 (2014): v9i172014; 168-184</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2014): v9i172014; 168-184</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122444">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122446">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v9i17</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No. 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 401 - 411</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="261546">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 16 No 3 (2013): Volume 16 (Regular); 401 - 411</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v16i3</text>
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                <text>الألم</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122448">
                <text>شعر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="122449">
                <text>بدر شاكر السياب</text>
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                <text>Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells</text>
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                <text>Heat transfer</text>
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                <text>Charge transfer</text>
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                <text>Modelling tool</text>
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                <text>تجليات الألم في شعر بدر شاكر السياب</text>
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                <text>Understanding heat and charge transfer in a low temperature PEM Single Cell: a simulation tool development</text>
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