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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>بومنقاش,  الرحموني</text>
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                <text>Mesri-Merad, Mokhtaria</text>
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                <text>Rougab, Ilyes</text>
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                <text>Cheknane, Ali</text>
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                <text>Bachari, Nour El Islam</text>
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                <text>2015-09-01</text>
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                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>تحاول هذه المقاربة؛ إقامة وشائج قربى بين تداوليات الخطاب، بوصفها اشتغالا على استعمال اللغة في سياقها، وبين تفسيرالقرآن الكريم، بوصفه ملفوظا خطابيا،مراعاة لفكرة القصدية والمرادية فيه. وتعبيرا عن طابعه التفاعليوالحواري،وحينها تتوقف الدلالة على السياق التواصلي، لتتحول اللغة من الإنشاء الطبيعي إلى البناء التداولي.</text>
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                <text>This approachtry to establishsomelinks between Pragmatics ofdiscourse, whichstudythe use oflanguagein context, and theinterpretation of the çoranasennonciation, taking into accountthe idea ofintentionality ;andas an expression ofitsinteractivecharacteristics. Thenthesignificance is stopped tocommunicativecontext,andthelanguageturnsfrom thenaturalconstructionto the pragmaticconstruction.</text>
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                <text>Dans ce travail, nous avons développé quelques modèles théoriques qui permettent d’estimer le rayonnement solaire global reçu au sol. Ces modèles tiennent compte des effets de diffusion et d’absorption que subit le rayonnement solaire lors de sa traversée de l’atmosphère. Ils sont basés sur la détermination des coefficients de transmission des différents constituants atmosphériques. Ces coefficients nécessitent la disponibilité des paramètres météorologiques courants (l’humidité relative, la température ambiante, la pression atmosphérique, …) et des paramètres géographiques du site (latitude, longitude et altitude). Dans notre étude nous avons simulé les modèles de Lacis &amp;amp; Hansen, Bird &amp;amp; Hulstrom, le modèle de Atwater &amp;amp; Ball, et celui de Davies &amp;amp; Hay pour les sites de Ghardaïa et Bouzaréah en Algérie. Une étude comparative des résultats obtenus par simulation des quatre modèles a montré que les modèle Davies &amp;amp; Hay, et celui de Bird &amp;amp; Hulstrom donnent une meilleure estimation des composantes solaires, dont des erreurs négligeables entre les valeurs mesurées et celles calculées.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1502</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1.1502</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/335</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.335</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121332">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1502/1034</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/335/1492</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260211">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 1 (2016): v10i12016; 149-166</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 1 (2016): v10i12016; 149-166</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): v10i12016; 149-166</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121338">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121339">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 451 – 463</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 451 – 463</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
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                <text>التفسير</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121342">
                <text>خطال تواصلي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121343">
                <text>مقاربة</text>
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                <text>التداولية</text>
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                <text>Composantes du rayonnement solaire</text>
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                <text>Coefficients d’absorption</text>
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                <text>Trouble atmosphérique</text>
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                <text>Modèles semi empiriques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260222">
                <text>Modèle de Bird &amp; Hulstrom</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260223">
                <text>Modèle Lacis &amp; Hansen</text>
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                <text>Modèle Davies &amp; Hay</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121345">
                <text>التفسير خطاب تواصلي/ مقاربة تداولية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260225">
                <text>Estimation du rayonnement solaire au sol par des modèles semi-empiriques</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121302">
                <text>وايني,  عبد الله</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260172">
                <text>Ouchbel, Taoufik</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260173">
                <text>Zouggar, Smail</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260174">
                <text>Seddik, Mohammed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260175">
                <text>Oukili, Mohamed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260176">
                <text>El Hafyani, Mohamed Larbi</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121303">
                <text>2015-09-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260177">
                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>للسياق مكانة كبيرة في فك رموز النصوص وإشاراتها ، فهو آلية من الآليات التي يلجأ إليها اللغوي في تحديد معنى الكلمة ودلالتها في التركيب، فالمتتبع لبعض تفاسير القرآن التي اعتنت بمناسبة الآيات وسبب نزولها وملابساتها يلحظ مدى تأثير السياق في تحديد معاني ومدلولاتها الآية الكريمة. أما إذا جئنا إلى الحديث النبوي الشريف الصادر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في مناسبة من المناسبات، أو في جواب لسؤال، أو أسئلة وجهت إليه صلى الله عليه وسلم، وربما كان السؤال واحداً والإجابة مختلفة وذلك تبعاً للملابسات التي صاحبت نص الحديث أثناء صدوره عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولا سبيل لفهم سبب هذا الاختلاف، إلا بمراعاة السياق اللغوي للنص و الذي يقوم على قاعدة أن الكلمة لامزية لها في حال إفرادها وإنما تكتسب قيمتها في نظمها، وكذا السياق الحالي الذي صاحب النص أثناء الإنشاء . وفي هذه المقال سنحاول الوقوف على مدى تدخل السياق في فهم نص الحديث النبوي الشريف وأثره في ترجيح المحتملات، وبيان المجملات.</text>
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                <text>For the context of a large position in decoding signals texts, it is the mechanisms resorted to in determining the meaning of the word and its meaning in the installation, Valmtaatba to some interpretations of the Koran that Anti occasion of the verses and the cause of descent and circumstances noticed the impact of context in determining the meanings and implications of the verse. If we come to the hadith of the Prophet, peace be upon him on the occasion of occasions, or was an answer to a question, or questions directed to him, peace be upon him, is probably the question and one answer different depending on the circumstances that accompanied the text of the interview during its release from the Prophet God's peace be upon him, there is no way to understand the reason for this difference, however, take into account the linguistic context of the text, which is based on the rule that Amazih her word if its members but is gaining value in systems, as well as the current context in which the owner of the text during construction. In this article we will try to stand on the extent of intervention in the context of understanding the text of the Hadith Sharif and its impact on the likelihood of potential, and the statement of aggregates</text>
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                <text>Dans cet article, nous étudions le contrôle de la puissance à la sortie d’un système éolien composé d’une éolienne asynchrone connectée à un convertisseur AC/DC, un convertisseur statique SVC (Static Var Compensation) et à une charge résistive. Ce dispositif est destiné à une application de conversion d’énergie éolienne dans le cas d’un site isolé. A l’aide d’un compensateur statique d’énergie réactive SVC, nous présentons une loi de commande qui permet de réguler la puissance de sortie du système éolien en dépit d’une variation brusque de la vitesse du vent, de la charge et de la capacité d’excitation. Les résultats de simulation présentés et discutés montrent que la puissance de sortie est asservie à la valeur de référence.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1501</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1.1501</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/334</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.334</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121309">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1501/1033</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/334/1491</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121311">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260185">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260186">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121312">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 1 (2016): v10i12016; 125-148</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121313">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 1 (2016): v10i12016; 125-148</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121314">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): v10i12016; 125-148</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121315">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121316">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121317">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260187">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 439 – 450</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260188">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 439 – 450</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260189">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260191">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121318">
                <text>سياق المقال</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121319">
                <text>سياق الحال</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121320">
                <text>الأثر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121321">
                <text>الحديث النبوي</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260192">
                <text>Système éolien</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260193">
                <text>Modélisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260194">
                <text>Régulation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260195">
                <text>Compensateur statique d’énergie (SVC)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121322">
                <text>السياق المقالي والحالي وأثرهما في توجيه الحديث النبوي الشريف</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260196">
                <text>Régulation de la puissance d’une éolienne asynchrone à vitesse variable à l’aide d’un compensateur statique d’énergie réactive (SVC)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121280">
                <text>قيطون,  قويدر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260147">
                <text>Kemajou, Alexis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260148">
                <text>Tseuyep, Ange</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260149">
                <text>Egbewatt, Nkongho Ebobebangah</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121281">
                <text>2015-09-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260150">
                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121282">
                <text>&amp;nbsp;يهدف هذا المقال إلى تسليط الضوء على جانب مهم من جوانب تلقي العلماء للنص القرآني ،وهو الجانب الفني الذي يهدف إلى إظهار جمالياته التعبيرية المتميّزة،التي كان لها التأثير البالغ في المتلقّين ،وفي إعجازه الدائم؛وذلك بالوقوف على معنى الدراسة الفنية ثم باستقراء هذا المنهج في التلقي منذ نزول القرآن الكريم إلى العصر الحديث،كما نتحدث فيه عن أهمية هذا النوع من الدراسة في إظهار مميزات وجماليات الخطاب القرآني.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121283">
                <text>This article aims to shed light on an important aspect of receiving scientists Qur'anic text of, the Artistic side which aims to show the aesthetics Distinct outstanding, which had a deep impact on the recipients, and the permanent likeness; and then stand on the meaning of the technical study and then extrapolating this approach in since receiving revelation of the Koran to the modern era, as we are talking about the importance of this type of study to demonstrate the advantages and aesthetics of Quranic discourse.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260151">
                <text>Cet article traite des conditions de confort thermique en climat tropical humide. Plusieurs études en situation réelle ont permis de constater, sous ce type de climat, une surestimation dans les bâtiments climatisés du niveau de l’inconfort perçu en réalité par rapport à celui prévu par les normes internationales. Nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée dans les bâtiments climatisés dans les villes de Douala et Yaoundé au Cameroun afin de déterminer les conditions de confort optimal et la zone de confort thermique acceptable. Les résultats expérimentaux trouvés, en accord avec d’autres études en ambiance climatisée en climat tropical, permettent d’assurer le confort thermique avec des consommations d’énergie plus modestes sans recours systématique à la climatisation active. Nous préconisons un réaménagement des normes ergonomiques internationales ASHRAE 55-81 et ISO 7730 à des situations en climats tropicaux, pour les locaux climatisés, pour justifier leur prétention à servir de critères ergonomiques valables universellement.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121284">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1500</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121285">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1.1500</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260153">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/333</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260154">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.333</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121286">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260155">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121287">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260156">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121288">
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260157">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/333/1490</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121289">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260158">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260159">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="121290">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 1 (2016): v10i12016; 97-124</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121291">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 1 (2016): v10i12016; 97-124</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121292">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): v10i12016; 97-124</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121293">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121294">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121295">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260160">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 427 - 438</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260161">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 427 - 438</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260162">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260163">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260164">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121296">
                <text>الدراسة الفنية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121297">
                <text>القرآن</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121298">
                <text>التراث</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260165">
                <text>Confort thermique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260166">
                <text>Climat tropical humide</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260167">
                <text>Normes internationales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260168">
                <text>Thermoneutralité</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121299">
                <text>الدراسة الفنية للقرآن الكريم في تراث أهل العلم( مفهومهـا- تاريخهـا- أهميتهــا)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260169">
                <text>Le confort thermique en climat tropical humide vers un réaménagement des normes ergonomiques</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260152">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121258">
                <text>توناني, زكرياء</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260119">
                <text>Ziani, Lotfi</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260120">
                <text>Mahmah, Bouziane</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260121">
                <text>Ziari Kerboua, Yasmina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260122">
                <text>Benzaoui, Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121259">
                <text>2015-09-01</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260123">
                <text>2023-10-23</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121260">
                <text>يَتَنَاوَلُ هَذَا الْبَحْثُ رِسَالَةَ «تُحْفَةُ الْإِخْوَانِ فِي عِلْمِ الْبَيَانِ» لِلْعَلَّامَةِ أَحْمَدَ الدَّرْدِيرِ (ت1201هـ). وَقَدْ كَانَ الْعَمَلُ فِيهِ عَلَى شِقَّيْنِ: الْأَوَّلُ: قِسْمُ الدِّرَاسَةِ؛ وَفِيهِ التَّعْرِيفُ بِالْمُؤَلِّفِ وَالْمُؤَلَّفِ. وَالثَّانِي: قِسْمُ التَّحْقِيقِ؛ وَفِيهِ الْعِنَايَةُ بِهَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةِ حَسَبَ مَا تَقْتَضِيهِ أُصُولُ التَّحْقِيقِ الْعِلْمِيِّ. وَتَنَاوَلَتْ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةُ الْبَحْثَ فِي عِلْمِ الْبَيَانِ الذِي هُوَ أَحَدُ عُلُومِ الْبَلَاغَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ. وَقَدْ بَحَثَ فِيهَا الْمُصَنِّفُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ثَلَاثَةَ مَبَاحِثَ؛ وَهِيَ عَلَى النَّحْوِ الْآتِي: أَوَّلًا: الْمَجَازُ بِنَوْعَيْهِ: اللُّغَوِيِّ، وَالْعَقْلِيِّ. ثُمَّ اللُّغَوِيُّ بِشِقَّيْهِ: الْمَجَازِ الْمُرْسَلِ، وَالِاسْتِعَارَةِ. ثَانِيًا: التَّشْبِيهُ. ثَالِثًا: الْكِنَايَةُ.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>This research deals with the letter of Tuhfat al-ikhwan fi ‘Ilm al-bayan (The gift of the brothers on the science of style) which was written by the great scholar Ahmed Al-Dardir. The study is divided into two parts: the first part sheds light on the letter and its author, while the other part deals with the edition of the letter’s content according to the principles of edition. This letter focuses on ‘Ilm al-bayan (science of style), only one of the three disciplines that compromise a classical study of rhetoric. In his letter, Al-Dardir discussed the following topics: first: the metaphor with its both types: the linguistic, and rational. Second: The analogy. And third: the metonymy.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260124">
                <text>Due to the intermittency of renewable energy and its dependence on climatic conditions, it is necessary to store the energy produced, since it is clean and having a big calorific value. Hydrogen is the better energy carrier at this moment. This work deals with the production of solar hydrogen by water electrolysis. The energy for the dissociation of water is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system. The operation of the PV system, design and study was considered for the region of Tamanrasset in the South of Algeria. The study examined the influence of electrolysis pressure and temperature on the performance of the facility.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121262">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1499</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121263">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1.1499</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260126">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/332</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260127">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.332</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121264">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260128">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121265">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260129">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121266">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1499/1031</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260130">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/332/1489</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121267">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260131">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260132">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121268">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 1 (2016): v10i12016; 79-96</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121269">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 1 (2016): v10i12016; 79-96</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121270">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): v10i12016; 79-96</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121271">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121272">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121273">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260133">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 417 - 426</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260134">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 417 - 426</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260135">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260136">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260137">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121274">
                <text>تُحْفَةُ الْإِخْوَانِ</text>
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                <text>ترمي هذه الدراسة للبحث في إستراتيجية العنونة في المدونة العربية من خلال نماذج مختارة من الأدب القديم وأخرى من الأدب الحديث رصدا لمختلف التخصصات من بلاغة ،ومنطق ،وعلم الكتابة ،و بحثا في مختلف الدلالات الحافة بهذا المصطلح الذي بات علما قائما بذاته في ظل الدراسات الحداثية اللسانية ،والسيميائية خاصة.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;This study aimed to look at the strategy Title in the Arab code through Models of ancient literature and Modern monitoriy its uses in various disciplines literature and research in Semantic edge this term which has become note Freestanding modernist in linguistics and Semiotics private Studies</text>
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                <text>Un grand nombre des maisons qui bordent le bassin méditerranéen sont organisées autour d’un patio. Cela est vrai pour l’Andalousie, la Grèce, le sud de l’Italie, les pays de la méditerranée, et particulièrement pour l’Afrique du Nord. Les origines de cette organisation spatiale sont très anciennes. A la suite de la maison grecque, la maison romaine disposait généralement de deux cours intérieures. Mais c’est avec l’arrivée de la civilisation arabo-musulmane en Afrique du nord, que la maison à patio a connu son apogée, répondant à la fois à des exigences sociologiques, culturelles, et thermiques [1]. Les valeurs d’intimité président à cette conception de l’habitat. Il s’agit de privilégier l’être, et non le paraître. Sur le plan thermique, la maison à patio est particulièrement bien adaptée au climat chaud et semi-aride. Le patio jouit d’un microclimat plus tempéré que le climat extérieur, et joue ainsi le rôle d’un espace tampon entre l’intérieur de l’habitation et l’ambiance extérieur. Particulièrement en saison chaude, elle propose des solutions thermique sans contradiction avec la vie des gens, leurs traditions, et leur système de croyance [2]. Mais les schémas de la modernité constituent une menace pour ce type de maison. En Egypte par exemple, elles n’existent pratiquement plus que sous forme de vestige d’une époque révolue. Dans ce travail, nous proposons une simulation numérique du comportement thermique d’une maison à patio en fonction du contexte climatique maghrébin, à l’aide du logiciel de simulation du comportement thermique en régime dynamique TRNSYS.</text>
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                <text>العنونة</text>
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                <text>المدونة العربية</text>
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                <text>إستراتيجية العنونة في المدونة العربية "نماذج مختارة من الأدب القديم والحديث"</text>
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                <text>Performance énergétique d’une maison à patio dans le contexte maghrébin (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie et Libye)</text>
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                <text>بن الشيخ الحسين,  رياض</text>
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                <text>Bouzid, Fayçal</text>
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                <text>Dehimi, Lakhdar</text>
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                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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                <text>يركز هذا البحث على دراسة ضرب من ضروب التناص في شعر الشاعر مصطفى محمد الغماري هو التناص مع الشخصيات الدينية،وهو موضوع حيوي لم يحظ بعد بالعناية الكافية من الدارسين والباحثين، وذلك لأنه الأكثر انتشارا في هذا المتن الشعري، وبعد أن يقدم الباحث مهادا نظريا يبرز فيه المغزى الأدبي العام من استحضار الشخصية التي لها ثقل معين في المجتمع الاسلامي والإنساني عموما، فإنه يعمد إلى دراسة نماذجه دراسة تحليلية تطبيقية تكشف عن مواطن الجمال فيها.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;Intertextuality is considered as one of the most distinct techniques, which modern poets attended to and took an interest in it as a sort that gives the text enrichment and abundance. This research takes up a kind of intertextuality in the poetry of Mustapha Mohamed al-Ghomari. The meaning of the term intertextuality is given after presenting a theoretical introduction</text>
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                <text>In recent years, Gallium Antimonide (GaSb), which has smallest bandgap among III-V semiconductors family, became the subject of extensive investigations in the field of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) converters, because of the recent improvements in optoelectronic technology. This paper describes an analytical process used to evaluate the performance of a GaSb TPV converter under different levels of illumination, taking account of the photons with energy below the cells bandgap by considering the cell’s reflectance to this fraction of incident radiation. The results show that a radiator temperature near 2200 K is most advantageous and a reflectance of 0.98 is necessary for below-bandgap irradiations to obtain conversion efficiency greater than 28%, at 300 K cell temperature. This efficiency will decrease as the cell temperature increase. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the available data.</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1.1496</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121194">
                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121195">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260048">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121196">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1496/1028</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260049">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/329/1486</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121197">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="260050">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260051">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 1 (2016): v10i12016; 15-46</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 1 (2016): v10i12016; 15-46</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2016): v10i12016; 15-46</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121201">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121202">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121203">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i1</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 383 - 397</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 383 - 397</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
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                <text>أثر</text>
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                <text>توظيف</text>
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                <text>الشخصيو الدينية</text>
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                <text>شعر لطفي الغماري</text>
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                <text>التناص</text>
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                <text>Thermophotovoltaic</text>
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                <text>GaSb</text>
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                <text>Reflectance</text>
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                <text>Emissivity</text>
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                <text>Temperature</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121209">
                <text>أثر توظيف الشخصية الدينية في شعر مصطفى الغماري -دراسة تحليلية تناصية-</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260062">
                <text>Performance evaluation of a GaSb thermophotovoltaic converter</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121164">
                <text>قواسمية , لطفي</text>
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                <text>Kherris, Sahraoui</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260011">
                <text>Zebbar, Djallel</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260012">
                <text>Makhlouf, Mohamed</text>
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                <text>Zebbar, Souhila</text>
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                <text>Mostefa, Kouider</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121165">
                <text>2017-01-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260015">
                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121166">
                <text>&amp;nbsp;تندرج هذه الدراسة في إطار تعليمية التعبير الكتابي وذلك بالنسبة للمتعلمين وتهدف الى محاولة تحديد الصعوبات النصية التي يواجهها الطلبة وذلك بغية مساعدتهم على تحسين قدراتهم النصية. ومن أجل ذلك فان هذا المقال بالاعتماد على نتائج الأبحاث في اللسانيات النصية يوضح أولا العوامل التي تحدد الاتساق والانسجام ونصانية النص وباستخدام جدول تحليلي تم استخراج جميع مظاهر اختلال التماسك النصي في العينة محل الدراسة من أجل شرحها.</text>
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                <text>Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’analyse des productions écrites des apprenants. Elle vise à identifier les difficultés textuelles auxquelles sont confrontés les apprenants, dans le but de les aider à améliorer leur compétence textuelle. Pour ce faire, cet article, issu de travaux de recherches en linguistique textuelle, précise d’abord les paramètres qui définissent la cohérence, puis ceux qui définissent la cohésion et la textualité. A l’aide d’une grille d’analyse, les maladresses et les incohérences des textes de notre corpus ont été relevées et expliquées. Mots-clés: cohérence textuelle-procédés de cohésion-argumentation- textualité-coréférence.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121168">
                <text>This study is part of the analysis of learners' written productions. It aims to identify textual difficulties faced by learners in order to help them to improve their textual competence. To this end, this paper first specifies the parameters that define the coherence and those that define cohesion and textuality. Using a grid of analysis, blunders and inconsistencies in texts of our corpus have been identified and explained. Keywords: textual coherence-cohesion process-argumentation- textuality- coreference.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260016">
                <text>Cet article est consacré à la modélisation mathématique d’un système frigorifique solaire en vue de déterminer ses paramètres énergétiques. Le système en question est à absorption-diffusion fonctionnant avec le couple ammoniac-eau et l’hydrogène comme gaz inerte. Au cours de cette étude et pour la première fois, est utilisé dans le calcul de ce type de machine, un nouveau modèle mathématique pour le calcul des propriétés thermodynamiques du couple binaire ammoniac eau. A l’issue de cette étude, une analyse comparative des résultats a été effectuée sur la base des données de Bourseau.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121169">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1495</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121170">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i2.1495</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260018">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/328</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.328</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121172">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/328/1485</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121174">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260023">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260024">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121175">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 2 (2016): v10i22016; 3-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121176">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 2 (2016): v10i22016; 3-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121177">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2016): v10i22016; 3-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121178">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121179">
                <text>1112-4628</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121180">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260025">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 373 - 382</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260026">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 373 - 382</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
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                <text>analyse</text>
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                <text>productions écrites</text>
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                <text>difficultés textuelles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260030">
                <text>Hydrogène</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260031">
                <text>Absorption</text>
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                <text>diffusion</text>
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                <text>Ammoniac-eau</text>
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                <text>Solution binaire</text>
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                <text>Froid solaire</text>
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                <text>Besoins Didactiques En Matière De Cohérence Textuelle: Etat De La Question Et Propositions Didcatiques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260037">
                <text>Etude et analyse d’une machine frigorifique à absorption-diffusion solaire NH3-H2O-H2</text>
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                <text>دوفاني , سعاد</text>
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                <text>Gahmousse, Abderrahmane</text>
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                <text>Harizi, Athmane</text>
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                <text>Hadjadj, Abdellah</text>
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                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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                <text>يعـــيش الـــمـــســلــمـون الـــيــوم ظــــروفــــا و يــواجــــهــون أوضــــــــاعـــــــا جديـــدة لــم تـــعـــرض لـــهـــم مــن قــــــبل ، مـــغايـــرة لــلظـــــروف و الأوضـــــاع التـــي وجدت زمـــن الــــوحي و الذي عالــــجــهـــا بــنــصــوصــه الــمــخــتــلــفــة ، إذ أنّ مــنــهــا مــا كــان ســبــبـــــا لـــنـــزول الــــــوحـــــــــي فــــــــــــي أحيــان كــثــيـــــــــرة ، فــتــــشــكّــلـــت منظومة الحياة الفكرية و التشريعية للإنسان آنذاك ، أمّا اليوم ، و مع التحدّيات المتجددة للفكر الإنساني عامّة بظهور الفلسفات و المذاهب ، يشتدّ توتر هذا التحدي في وجه الفكر الإسلامي ، و يكون مطالبا بالإستجابة ، و هو الذي يؤسّس الحياة على دعائم الوحي، و يعلي من شأن العقل ليكون ظهيرا للوحي في قيادة الحياة. __ فهــــــل ما زال الــــــعـــــقل قادرا على فهم الوحي؟ __ و هل باستطاعته تنزيله في حياة المسلمين و إخراجهم من حالة العطالة و التخلّف؟</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;Muslims live on conditions and face new situations did not show them from before, different from the circumstances and conditions that I found a time of Revelation, and which dealt with its capitulation, different, as that of what was the reason for the inspiration landings in often, Gutian intellectual life and legislative system of the human being at the time, but today, and with renewed challenges human thought by the emergence of general philosophies and ideologies, strengthens tension this challenge in the face of Islamic thought, and be demanding to respond, and is, which establishes the foundations of life inspiration, and is reflective of the reason to be hadst inspiration in the leadership of life. -- is still the mind is able to understand the inspiration? -- and you can download it in the lives of Muslims and get them out of the state of inertia and underdevelopment?</text>
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                <text>Ce travail porte sur la simulation numérique de l’écoulement supersonique adapté dans les tuyères propulsives où le gaz d’essai supposé parfait est le gaz de combustion de l’Hydrogène. Il vise à déterminer les paramètres de l’écoulement Eulérien supersonique dans la tuyère convergente divergente. La méthode numérique utilisée pour la résolution de l’écoulement est basée sur une approche des volumes finis en coordonnées généralisées. L’intégration du système pour les équations de conservation d’Euler s’effectue sur un volume élémentaire quadrilatère. Dans cette étude, le traitement des flux convectifs est effectué en utilisant la méthode de Roe. Pour la discrétisation temporelle des équations, un schéma explicite de type Runge-Kutta du second ordre est utilisé.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1493</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i2.1493</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/327</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259990">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3.327</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121147">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/327/1483</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121149">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="259994">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259995">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121150">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 2 (2016): v10i22016; 309-333</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 2 (2016): v10i22016; 309-333</text>
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                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2016): v10i22016; 309-333</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121153">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>1112-4628</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259996">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 365 - 372</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 3 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 365 - 372</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i3</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121156">
                <text>العقل</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121157">
                <text>فهم</text>
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                <text>وحي</text>
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                <text>تنزيل</text>
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                <text>واقع</text>
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                <text>Tuyère propulsive</text>
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                <text>Hydrogène</text>
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                <text>Ecoulement compressible</text>
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                <text>Jet supersonique</text>
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                <text>Modélisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260006">
                <text>Volumes finis</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121161">
                <text>سؤال الفهم بين الوحي والواقع</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="260007">
                <text>Simulation numérique de l’écoulement compressible supersonique Application aux tuyères propulsives à combustible liquide hydrogène</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259988">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121116">
                <text>مباركية , عبد القادر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259956">
                <text>Sami-Mécheri, Sabrina</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259957">
                <text>Semmar, Djaffar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259958">
                <text>Hamid, Abdelkader</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121117">
                <text>2017-01-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259959">
                <text>2023-10-23</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>حاول الباحث في هذا المقال أن يكشف الغطاء عن مملكة سودانية عاشت خلال العصر الوسيط وكادت أن تختفي من المصادر التاريخية بسبب خطأ بسيط في كتابة اسمها. في مقاله هذا عاد الكاتب إلى كل النصوص التاريخية والجغرافية التي اهتمت بذكر هذه المملكة وصحّح تسميتها استنادا إلى تخمينات منطقية ثم جاء ليفصّل في تاريخ هذه المملكة وموقعها ضمن التجارة السودانية وعلاقاتها مع بلاد المغرب. قدرة الباحث على التحليل وتتبع المعلومات كان لها أثر كبير في نسج هذا المقال وإعادة مملكة إلى الوجود بعدما هدّدها النسيان والتجاهل.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;middle ages and almost disappear from historical sources because of mis-typing. In this article the researcher returned to all geographical and historical texts, which focused on the remembrance of this kingdom and correct the call, based on the logical guesses, then he came to delve deeper into the history of this kingdom and its location within the Sudanese trade and its relationship with Maghreb. The researcher’s ability to analyze and track informations had a significant impact in this weave, and bring the kingdom into being after he threatened her forget fullness and ignorance. --------------------- ) (- Tadeusz Lewicki, un État soudanais médiévale inconnu : le royaume de Zāfūn (u). in. Cahiers d’études africaines. Vol. 11. N 44. 1971. pp. 501-525.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259960">
                <text>L’énergie est l’un des facteurs déterminants communs liés aux problèmes sociaux, environnementaux et économiques, mais elle peut aussi contribuer à leur solution. Parmi les secteurs où les études pourraient être faites en vue de réduire la demande énergétique, est le secteur du bâtiment. Le but de cet article est de donner un exemple de simulation des logements Haute Performance Energétique (HPE) de la ville de Béchar traitée dans le cadre du projet Eco-Bat.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121120">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1492</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121121">
                <text>10.37138/jarh.v10i2.1492</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="259962">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/326</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="259963">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v15i2.326</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121122">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="259964">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121123">
                <text>كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259965">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/1492/1025</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259966">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/326/1482</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="121125">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="259967">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="259968">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121126">
                <text>مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 10 عدد 2 (2016): v10i22016; 269-305</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121127">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No 2 (2016): v10i22016; 269-305</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="121128">
                <text>Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2016): v10i22016; 269-305</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121129">
                <text>2588-2449</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 2 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 357 - 364</text>
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                <text>تاديوش لوفيتسكي، دولة سودانية وسيطة غير معروفة: مملكة زافون (و)</text>
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                <text>Efficacité énergétique des logements à haute performance énergétique, ‘HPE’: Application au site de Béchar</text>
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