69 10 944 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource بوقادوم, حمزة Aïssani, Ouafa Mokhnache, Ammar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource يتناول هذا المقال دراسة إحدى أكبر العائلات الوجيهة خلال الفترة العثمانية ، وهي أسرة الرصاع التلمسانية التي استقرت بتونس منذ القرن 15م، واستطاعت أن تنال حظوة ورصيدا كبيرا من الهيبة في هذه الحاضرة، فهي من البيوتات العلمية المالكية التي أنجبت أساطين من العلماء والفقهاء؛ الذين تقلدوا مناصب علمية دينية كالتدريس والإفتاء والإمامة، وتصدرت سلك القضاء طيلة أجيال، ونجحت في ربط علاقات ولاء مع الأوساط الحاكمة بتونس على مدى قرون، وكان لها حضور في الأحداث العسكرية والقضايا والمسائل السياسية. This article deals with the study about one of the most important families during the Ottoman period. That is the family of Raççaà, which settled in Tunisia since the fifteenth century, and was able to obtain a favor and a part of prestige in this capital. It is one of the scientific houses that gave birth to two scholars who held scientific and religious positions such as teaching and the judiciary power during many generations, it succeeded to establish relations of allegiance with the ruling community in Tunisia over centuries, and was present in military events and political issues. Since we are often faced with limited, insufficient or contaminated observations in remote sensing. We will employ a theoretical technique for the retrieval of the particle size distribution. In this study, the columnar aerosol size distributions have been inferred by numerically inverting particulate optical depth measurements obtained in Blida and Tamanrasset from AERONET database at wavelengths region between 0.340 - 1.640 . Our results are in good agreement with those found by other authors and the correlation between the aerosol optical thickness measurements and the reproduced AOTs by the inverted columnar aerosol size distribution is very good with a correlation coefficient more than 0.97. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/597 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.597 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/312 10.54966/jreen.v15i2.312 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/597/413 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/312/1471 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 195-220 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 195-220 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 195-220 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 207 - 218 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 2 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 207 - 218 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i2 Subject The topic of the resource آل الرصاع عائلات المخزن الحظوة الخطط العلمية تونس Raççaà families of makhzen favor scientific functions Tunisia Aerosol properties AERONET Size distribution Inversion methods Title A name given to the resource عائلة الرصاع التلمسانية بالحاضرة التونسية خالل العهد العثماني "نشاطها العلمي و حراكها السياسي" Aerosol size distribution retrieved from optical depth measurements in Tamanrasset and Blida Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource مغزاوي, مصطفى Ly, Ibrahima Lemrabott, Ould Habiboulahy Dieng, Birane Gaye, Ibrahima Gueye, Serigne Diouf, Mame Sanou Sissoko, Grégoire Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource  يهدف المقال إلى كشف بعض مزاعم المستشرقين عن الحضارة الإسلامية بأنها حضارة عسكرية متناسين المنجزات الحضارية والعلميّة، مُــسوِّقين تاريخ إسلامي مبدأه ومُـنتهاه مؤامرات مُـدبّــرة ومعارك طاحنة وحروب همجية، والواقع يشهد عكس ذلك، وما الجانب العسكري إلا صفحة من صفحات الحضارة الإسلامية، بل شكّلت الحروب نفسها في الحضارة الإسلاميّة مظـهراً تجلّت فيه أرقى معاني الحضارة التي تحفظ للإنسان كرامته مُسالما كان أم مُـحارباً، وإنّ الذي يَستقــرئُ مسار الحروب في الحضارة الإسلامية بإنصافٍ وموضوعيّة يَـخلصُ إلى جملة من القيم الإنسانية النبيلــة، سواءٌ من حيث: أولاً الأهداف والمقاصد بعيداً عن الانتقامية والذاتيّة والاستغلالية، وثانياً : من حيث الممارسات والوسائل، فللحضارة الإسلامية دستور ربّـاني يُنظمُ الحروب ويُـلزمها بأخلاقيات راقية واحترام الإنسان والزروع والحيوان وفق ضوابط قـيَّـــدت الحروب في قالبٍ مُـنضبط ومَسارٍ واضح حفظ للحروب أخلاقيُّـاتها وللإنسانيّة كرامتها، وهذه المقاصد والممارسات هي الأصل في حضارتنا وأيّ ممارسات ليست من هذا القبيل هي دخيلة ومحسوبة علينا وعلى ديننا وحضارتنا بغير حق، والشواهد التاريخيّة الموثقة تؤكد هذه المعاني بداية من غزوات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثمّ حروب الردة إلى الفتوحات الإسلاميّة واستعادة الأقصى وفتح القسطنطينية وغيرها من الشواهد التاريخيّــة The article aims to expose the lies of the orientalists that the Islamic civilization is a military civilization and there are no cultural and scientific achievements, as if the Islamic civilization are all conspiracies, wars and wars. The opposite is true. The military side is a page of Islamic civilization. It is a manifestation of the highest meaning of civilization which preserves its dignity. It follows the course of wars in Islamic civilization, which deduces a number of noble human values, both in terms of firstly: the objectives, and secondly: in terms of practices and means, in Islamic civilization the divine law regulates wars and commits them to high human, These historical purposes confirm these meanings from the invasions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), then the wars of apostasy to the Islamic conquests, the restoration of Al-Aqsa Mosque, Invasion of the city of Constantinople, and other historical evidences Nous présentons dans cet article, des techniques de détermination des paramètres de recombinaison et le domaine de leur validité d’une photopile bifaciale au silicium poly cristallin sous éclairement multi spectral constant en régime statique. Partant de l’équation de continuité et suivant différents modes d’éclairements (faces avant et arrière, puis simultanément sur les deux faces), nous avons obtenu un certain nombre d’expressions théoriques de la photopile. A partir des études théorique et expérimentale, on déduit trois techniques donnant la longueur de diffusion effective Leff, les vitesses de recombinaison intrinsèques à la jonction Sfa et à la face arrière Sba des porteurs minoritaires de charge pour les différents modes d’éclairement. Une étude des incertitudes sur la détermination de la longueur de diffusion effective a été présentée et elle a montré les limites d’applicabilité de ces techniques de caractérisation des photopiles. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/596 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.596 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/311 10.54966/jreen.v15i2.311 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/596/412 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/311/1470 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 182-194 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 182-194 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 182-194 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 2 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 187 – 206 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 2 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 187 – 206 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i2 Subject The topic of the resource Islamic civilization wars purposes objectives practices Ethics Islamic expansions human values الحضارة الإسلامية الحروب المقاصد الأهداف الممارسات الأخلاقيات الفتوحات القيم الإنسانية Bifacial Recombination velocities Polychromatic Static regime Diffusion length Title A name given to the resource تجـلّيات النزعة الإنسانيــة في الممارسـات والمقاصد الحـــربيـة في الحضـارة الإسلاميــة - قراءة في الفعل التاريخي - Techniques de détermination des paramètres de recombinaison et le domaine de leur validité d’une photopile bifaciale au silicium polycristallin sous éclairement multi spectral constant en régime statique Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource زيناي, طارق Djouder, Radia Laoufi, Aïcha Nadia Bentahar, Fatiha Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource إن المطالع لما كتب في الفكر الصوفي عن العرفان، يجد أن مباحث هذا الأخير قد استأثرت باهتمام محققي هذا الفكر قديما، وبالدارسين المهتمين به حديثا، ولعل محاولة الاطلاع على ما كُتِب في أي مبحث أو نظرية أو حقل معرفي منه، تصطدم بتشعب ما كُتِبَ تارة وغموضه واستغلاقه تارة أخرى، مما يجعل الباحث في كثير من الأحيان يقع تحت مطرقة الحيرة وسندان العجز، ولما كان العلم لا يُدرك إلا بالتعب والحرص والصبر، جاءت هذه الدراسة محاولة الحفر عند عتبات هذا العرفان في مبحث من بين أهم المباحث فيه، والتي سال فيها حبر كثير قديما عند القوم، ألا وهو مبحث الرمزية الحرفية، وترجع أهميته لأنه علم الأولياء الذي اختصهم الله به؛ ففتح عليهم من خلالها أسرارا وحقائق من عنده، ولكن هذا العلم قد حاد في مسيرته النورانية في كثير من الأحيان عن جادته، واختلط بعلوم مشبوهة استغلها أصحابها في السحر والدجل والشعوذة. The view of what has been written in the mystical thought of gratitude, finds that the discussion of the latter has captured the attention of investigators of this thought in ancient times, and the scholars interested in it recently, and perhaps the attempt to see what was written in any subject or theory or knowledge field, collides with the complexity of what was written sometimes and ambiguity And closing it at other times, making the researcher often falls under a puzzling hammer and anguish deficit, As the science is not only aware of fatigue and diligence and patience, this study came at the attempt to dig at the thresholds of this mysticism in the study of some of the most important mabahith, where the ink of many old folk, where is the study of symbolism and craft, Through it, opened them through the secrets and facts from him, but this science has sharp in the process of the light often from his grandfather, and mixed with the science of suspicious exploited by the owners in magic and magic and sorcery. Man uses the background where he lives and transforms it; he becomes the factor controlling the ecosystem conditions and the main reason of degradation of environment especially by industrialization and rejecting wastewaters. Water pollution can be soluble or not. The main categories of the water soluble pollution are represented by: inorganic pollutants, biological pollutants and organic pollutants. There are numerous methods to treat wastewaters; they depend on the characteristics of pollution. This study aims to examine the application of the advanced oxidation process, particularly heterogeneous photocatalysis. This process has been applied for degradation of salicylic acid dissolved in water; its degradation occurs in a photocatalytic reactor made up of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a semiconductor supported on a glass plate placed at the middle of the reactor and subjected to the U.V irradiation. The assessment of the parameters influence related to the reactor such as recirculation flow and initial concentration of pollutant has shown that at low recirculation flow, the photodegradation of pollutant was accelerated about 98 % of salicylic acid was degraded after 3 hours of irradiation, in addition the heterogeneous photocatalysis process is applied even at low concentration. Kinetic analyses indicated that the photodegradation of pollutant can be described by a pseudo-first-order reaction. The Langmuir Hinshelwood model was used to assess the kinetics of the heterogeneous photocatalytic process, the rate constant, kapp for the photocatalytic degradation was determined at different concentrations. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/595 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.595 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/310 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.310 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/595/411 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/310/1469 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 158-181 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 158-181 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 158-181 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 179 – 185 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 179 – 185 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource الرمز اللغة الحرف العرفان التصوف Heterogeneous photo catalysis TiO2 Advanced oxidation process Water treatment Title A name given to the resource الرمزية الحرفية في العرفان الصوفي Photodegradation of salicylic acid in aqueous phase by TiO2 / UV System Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource حفناوي, شيخة M’Sadak, Youssef Ben M’Barek, Abir Zoghlami, Rahma Ines Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource تتمحور هذه الدراسة حول الوظائف التداولية لحروف المعاني في شعر المتنبي ونقصد بها الدور الذي تؤديه هذه الحروف، وهو يختلف باختلافها كما يختلف أيضا بتعدد استعمالاتها وسياقاتها، إذ يوظّفها المتكلم للفت انتباه مخاطَبه وتهيئته حتى يضمن تجاوبه معه وبالتالي نجاح العملية التواصلية، وللمتنبي في شعره استعمالات لهذه الحروف انماز بها عن غيره من الشعراء وخرج عمَّا حدّه النحاة لهذه الأدوات وخلق استعمالات خاصة به. This study focuses on the functions of the dialect of meanings in the poetry of Mutanabi and we mean the role played by these letters, which varies according to the different as well as the multiple uses and contexts, as employed by the speaker to draw the attention of the address and configured to ensure the response to him and thus the success of the communication process, and Almutanabi in his poetry used for this the letters are different from other poets and went beyond the limits of these tools and the creation of its own uses. Le présent travail consiste à étudier la fermentation méthanique, appliquée aux fientes avicoles, effectuée au niveau du digesteur pilote industriel de Hammam Sousse, Tunisie. Le suivi analytique de ce digesteur a porté, d’une part, sur la détermination des caractéristiques de l’effluent avicole par l’analyse des paramètres physico-chimiques et environnementaux, et d’autre part, sur le suivi énergétique par l’appréciation de la productivité qualitative (composition et pouvoir calorifique) du biogaz produit. L’objectif final est l’évaluation des performances du digesteur adapté et l’apport de certaines améliorations envisageables pour une meilleure adaptation aux conditions existantes. Cette étude a permis de ressortir un certain nombre de constatations dont on peut citer: - les meilleurs bilans de dépollution sont obtenus au niveau du bassin de décantation, aussi bien concernant les MES que la DBO5; - l’intérêt du recours à l’épuration du biogaz produit, qui a été démontré en comparant les résultats avant et après épuration, tant sur le plan composition gazeuse que sur le plan pouvoir calorifique; - l’installation de bio méthanisation considérée nécessite quelques améliorations particulièrement pour une meilleure productivité énergétique qualitative, une meilleure réduction du pouvoir polluant des fientes et une meilleure valorisation des résidus solides et liquides. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/594 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.594 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/309 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.309 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/594/410 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/309/1468 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 140-157 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 140-157 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 140-157 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 165 – 178 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 165 – 178 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource حروف التنبيه الوظيفة التداولية الشعر العملية التواصلية Digesteur industriel Fientes avicoles Bilan de dépollution Composition gazeuse Pouvoir calorifique Rendement d’épuration Title A name given to the resource الوظائف التداولية لحروف التنبيه في شعر المتنبي Evaluation des performances et améliorations possibles d’une installation pilote de biométhanisation industrielle appliquée aux fientes avicoles dans le Sahel Tunisien Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource خضرة, أحمد Mammar, Mohamed Soudani, Azeddine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource لقد أفرز العصر الحديث إشكالية التعددية المنهجية , , وهو ما طرح قضية المنهج في الدراسات النقدية المعاصرة ,فتمخض عن ذلك سؤال المنهج وإشكالية المنهج , ومنه بدأ الحديث في الساحة النقدية العربية عن البديل النقدي الذي يؤطر الخصوصية الحضارية العربية الإسلامية في ظل الشرخ العربي الفكري والإسهال الحاد الذي يكابده النقد العربي المعاصر , وهو ما نراه في المنهج الإسلامي الذي يتأسس بمنظومة معرفية إسلامية لها مرجعية ثابتة ,والمنهج النقدي الإسلامي " هو الذي نطرحه كبديل- في المعترك النقدي المعاصر- للمناهج الغربية المظللة والتجزيئية وذو المرجعيات الفلسفية التي تتناقض مع الفكر الإسلامي والبحث يعرض أهم أسس المنهج الإسلامي في النقد الادبي المعاصر عند النقاد الرواد الأوائل الذين أسسوا لهذا المنهج أمثال : سيد قطب , عماد الدين خليل ونجيب الكيلاني وغيرهم . The literary and critical idea emerged from the Islamic perspective appeared in the modern era, and it has been developed by the efforts of writers as well as critics who suggested an alternative Islamic project as a way to stand against the western curriculum, among them was the prominent Iraqi critic Imad Eddine Khalil.The research in hand attempts to present a clear view of the contemporary Islamic critical discourse, and studying the critical experiment of the critic by reviewing his writings in its theoretical side in which the critic deals with the Islamic view and criticism as well as the references of the discourse, the critical issues, and the practical side which depicts the literary areas included in his practical criticism by criticizing the poem, story ,novel as well as the theater. Flow around a cylinder on a fixed-bed open- channel is numerically studied. A CFD code is executed to analyze the flow fields and the kinetic energy field around the cylinder. A system of equations of two-dimensional and horizontal flow is obtained by the integration of the continuity and momentum equation for turbulent flow using (k -) standard model. The turbulent stresses are then expressed with the eddy-viscosity concept. The numerical simulation was done for four flows cases with different velocities. From the numerical results, the expected alteration of the flow field due to the presence of the cylinder is evident, notably the wake behind the cylinder. The measured velocities in the longitudinal and transversal directions and the kinetic energy are compared with those of the numerical simulation. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/593 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.593 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/308 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.308 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/593/409 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/308/1467 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 124-139 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 124-139 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 124-139 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 155 – 164 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 155 – 164 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource المنهج الاسلامي النقد البديل تأصيل Islamic the critic suggested the references Turbulence Obstacle Exterior flow CFD Stress Title A name given to the resource اشكالية تأصيل المنهج الاسلامي في النقد الأدبي Numerical study of external turbulent flow Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource بروال, إلهام Houma, Fouzia Bachari, Nour El Islam Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-03-20 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource الاغتراب ظاهرة إنسانية قديمة، تدخّلت في تعميقها عوامل اجتماعية وسياسية واقتصادية ونفسية ومكانية، حتى أصبحت ملازمة للفرد وواقعه، لتجعل منه غريبا عن المجتمع. وعليه انطلق البحث من إشكالية رئيسية تمحورت حول كيفية تجلي ظاهرة الاغتراب في حياة ابن شهيد الأندلسي الذي مرّ بعدة عوامل كان لها الأثر البالغ في إنتاجه الشعري، ومن خلال استنطاق نصوصه الشعرية، ظهرت عدة أشكال رئيسية لاغترابه وهي اغترابه عن أسرته وعن الوطن، واغترابه أثناء مرضه وفي السجن، واغترابه عند الموت، هيمنت هذه الأشكال على أحاسيسه ومشاعره، فكانت بمثابة مادة صالحة للبحث، لتنتهي هذه الدراسة إلى أنّ شعر ابن شهيد هو بمثابة أداة نضال فعالة واجه بها الواقع، فركز على الخيال العلمي لتصويرها وتجسيدها في لغة صادقة معبرة عن الضياع والقلق وكل ما صاحبهما من مشاعر الاغتراب لكنّه في الأخير استسلم لقدره دون أيّة مواجهة أو صراع  The concept of alienation was an old human phenomenon, intervene in the deepening social, political, economic and psychological factors, contextual realities become inherent to the individual, to make him stranger to the community. Thus started the research of the problem mainly focused on how to evacuate expatriate phenomenon in the life of IBN CHOUHAID el andalousssi, who passed by several factors have impact in the poetic production, through poetic texts, several main forms of show their alienation from his family and homeland, Alienation during his illness in prison, when death, dominated these forms on their feelings, it was a good material for research, ending the study on pricise that the poisi of IBN SHOUHAID is a tool for effective struggle confronted by reality, focused on science fiction and making checkups crystallized in the language of good faith reflect the loss and anxiety and all the accompanying feelings of alienation, but in the end apparently exhausted surrendered without any confrontation or conflict. In this research, we are interested in applying the model to simulate the radiative transfer through the atmosphere under realistic conditions for assessing the significance of the effects of the atmosphere and conditions on shooting satellite images. The main objective of this application is the analysis of satellite measurements, along with their variations atmospheric parameters. The purpose of modeling is to understand how different components of the measurement system combine to make a measurement. The form and content of a model depends on their purpose. The model is constructed to describe and characterize the measurement system to understand the phenomena which he is registered and to predict their behavior under the effect of an external action or as a result of a partial modification of the system itself same. The model developed is to break the middle-ground atmosphere into subsets in interaction with the solar spectrum and the sensor onboard the satellite. The proposed radiometric correction method is simple because it is based on pixels that are known to support their radiometric images. The luminances are simulated using the software (SDDS) which allows us to establish rules between reported digital luminance and luminance reflectance. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/592 10.37138/jarh.v12i1.592 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/307 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.307 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/592/408 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/307/1466 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 12 عدد 1 (2019): v12i12019; 111-123 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No 1 (2019): v12i12019; 111-123 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2019): v12i12019; 111-123 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v12i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 131 – 154 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 131 – 154 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource الإغتراب إبن شهيد الأندلسي الشعر الأندلسي الذاتية في الشعر الأندلسي Modeling Atmosphere Radiometric image Remote sensing Title A name given to the resource تجليات الاغتراب في شعر ابن شهيد الأندلسي ( 283 هـ - 634 هـ) Solar radiation modeling and simulation of hyperspectral satellite data Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource قاسي, فريدة Salhi, Hicham Si-Ameur, Mohamed Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-07-06 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource ما هو الماضي، ولماذا نستعيده على الدوام وكيف يتحقق ذلك ؟ إن الحياة كلها محمولة على ظهر الزمان، ومن ثم فهي جارية بجريانه وتحتاج إلى تأملها وتفحصها بعد ردح من التراكم لنفصل أحداثها عن الزمان ونمسك بها في نصوص. إن الماضي برغم كونه منقرضا إلّا أنه يشكل خزانا كبيرا لسيرورة الحياة، والرواية تماثل التاريخ عندما تتوجه بدورها إلى أحداث الماضي، وبالتالي فالذاكرة الجماعية تقدم حضورا للماضي أحيانا أو غالبا أقوى مما تبينه كتب التاريخ . الكلمات المفتاحية: الماضي، الذاكرة، التاريخ، الذاكرة الجماعية، الكتابة التاريخية، الذاكرة السليمة، الذاكرة المستعارة . Dans ce travail, on a mené une étude numérique de la convection naturelle laminaire stationnaire dans une enceinte carrée chauffée par une section carrée et remplie d’un mélange d’eau et des nanoparticules. Les équations gouvernantes ont été discrétisées par la méthode des volumes finis en utilisant un schéma hybride. Un code de calcul a été conçu et réalisé dans ce contexte pour utiliser la simulation numérique comme outil d’investigation. Les résultats sont analysés à travers les champs thermique et dynamique avec une attention particulière au nombre de Nusselt. Ce travail a été validé en comparant à ceux de la littérature en modifiant légèrement la configuration étudiée. Une étude paramétrique a été menée en considérant le nombre de Rayleigh, le type de nanofluide. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/33 10.37138/jarh.v14i1.33 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/306 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.306 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available كلية الآداب والحضارة الإسلامية - قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jarh/article/view/33/14 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/306/1465 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية ; مجلد 14 عدد 1 (2022): v14i12022; 01-17 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 14 No 1 (2022): v14i12022; 01-17 Journal of Arts and Humanities; Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): v14i12022; 01-17 2588-2449 1112-4628 10.37138/jarh.v14i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 121 – 130 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 121 – 130 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource الماضي الذاكرة التاريخ الذاكرة الجماعية الكتابة التاريخية الذاكرة السليمة الذاكرة المستعارة Convection naturelle Nanofluide Nombre de Nusselt et de Rayleigh Title A name given to the resource الذاكرة الجماعية وإشكالية كتابة التاريخ Convection naturelle dans les enceintes: nanofluide Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zouaoui, ُElkahina Zaatri, Abdelouahab Allab, Kada Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-12-31 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource تعتبر الصفقات العمومية من أهم العقود الإدارية التي تبرمها الدولة نظرا لأهميتها البالغة، فهي الشريان الذي يدعم عملية التنمية المحلية، والتطور الاقتصادي الوطني وكذلك نظرا للمبالغ الطائلة المسخرة لتنفيذها أولى لها المشرع اهتماما خاصا بمجموعة من المنظومة القانونية التي يتم تحيينها وفقا للتطورات الاقتصادية وكان آخرها المرسوم الرئاسي 15-247 الذي جاء في إطار الإصلاحات التي انتهجتها الدولة لحماية المال العام وعقلنة التصرف فيه.   ومسايرة للتطورات الاقتصادية حرص المشرع الجزائري في هذا المرسوم على تطبيق مبدأ حرية المنافسة بين المتعاملين الاقتصاديين والمساواة بينهم في الفرص، والتخفيف من حدة الاجراءات البيروقراطية التي تعرفها عملية إبرام الصفقات العمومية، إذ حاول المشرع الجزائري قدر الإمكان الموازنة بين حفظ المال العام من جهة وتسهيل إجراءات إبرام الصفقة العمومية من جهة اخرى. The public transactions are considered as the most imprtant admistrative contracts which the government concludes regarding its high interest, because it is the supporting vain for the local development operation. The national economic development, also regarding the big amounts spent to execute it, to which the legislator gave special importance through the legal system that is updated according to the economic progress; the last was the presidential decree N° 15-247 within the framework of the reforms adopted by the government to protect the public money and rationalizing its use. To be in accordance with the economic development, the Algerian legislator keens to apply in this decree the freedom of competition principle between the economic dealers and make them equal regarding opportunities, and mitigate bureaucratic procedures within the process of concluding the public transactions as the Algerian legislator tried as much as possible to keep the balance between preserving public money on one hand and facilitate the procedures for concluding the public transaction on the other hand. This paper presents a mathematical formulation for integrating renewable energy sources in order to build up economical hybrid energetic systems in the case where each type of energy are only available as specific units. For instance, we may need to combine photovoltaic panels and wind turbines with specific capacities to meet an energetic demand in a specific site with a lowest cost. Therefore, determining the optimal energy to be installed leads of determining the number of units from each source. This problem is formulated as an integer linear program where the objective function to be minimized is the initial capital investment and where the decision variables are the numbers of units which should be pure integer numbers. The proposed method is generic since it is directly adaptive to various sites, demands, and different type of renewable energy sources. To illustrate our approach, we provide some examples and scenarios combining PV and wind turbines units. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/209 10.37138/jceco.v6i2.209 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/305 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.305 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/209/128 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/305/1464 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 6 عدد 2 (2017): v6i22017; 26-50 Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2017): v6i22017; 26-50 Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 6 No 2 (2017): v6i22017; 26-50 2588-2392 2335-1624 10.37138/jceco.v6i2 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 111 – 120 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 111 – 120 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource public transaction, contracting authority, offer request, the principle of freedom of competition الصفقة العمومية، المصلحة المتعاقدة، طلب العرض، مبدأ حرية المنافسة Hybrid renewable energetic systems Integration of renewable energy Optimal energy distribution Photovoltaic Wind turbine Integer programming Title A name given to the resource إبرام الصفقات العمومية في ظل القانون 15 -247 The conclusion of public transactions according to the law 15/ 247 Analysis of PV/Wind systems by integer linear programming Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mecheri, Ramzi Bakelli, Yahia Hadj Arab, Amar Azoui, Boubekeur Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-12-31 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource يعتبر التخريج بنوعيه من أهمّ المسالك التي تتبع في الفتوى وتقتفى، ولقد كان للمالكيين اليد الطّولى في هذا المسلك، يظهر هذا جليا في فتاويهم، ولمّا توسعت الأمصار، وتتابعت الأعصار، وجدت مستجدّات أجاب عنها علماء ذلك الوقت، ودوّنت في تصانيف عُرفت بكتب" النوازل"، ومن بينها نوازل ابن الفكون القسنطيني، رصد فيها نوازل أجاب عنها ثلّة من علماء قسنطينة وفضلائها، وسنبيّن في هذه الدراسة أثر التّخريج في أجوبة بعض هؤلاء الأئمة، ممّا يدّل على تمكنّهم ورسوخ قدمهم في مذهب الإمام مالك، وإحاطتهم بأصوله وفروعه. Takhreej (making judgments and fatwas about certain issues depending on other scholar’s ones) with its two types is considered as one of the most important ways that are followed in giving fatwa (religious judgment). Maliki scholars had been excellent in this issue, and that is clear in their fatwas. But, when lands became vaster and time passed, new issues came out and scholars of that time gave answers about them. That was written down in books known as books of “nawazil” (new issues),and one of those books is “Nawazil almalik’ia” of Ibn Faggun  Elqasantini, in which he highlighted some “nawazil” that have been answered by numerous scholars and cultivated people from Constantine. In this study, we are going to shed light on the effects of  Takhreej on the answers of some of those scholars, which gives impression about their competence and mastery over Imam Malik’s school, in addition to thier understanding of its basic rulings and sub-rulings. Le pompage d’eau est un facteur important dans le développement des zones rurales et isolées des pays en développement. L’utilisation de système de pompage photovoltaïque (PV) pour l’exhaure de l’eau dans ces zones s’avère une solution très fiable à condition d’être bien dimensionner. Le dimensionnement des systèmes PV, en particulier ceux de pompage d’eau, nécessite l’utilisation de modèle qui reflète la réalité et ils se doivent d’être précis. Dans ce travail, nous allons présenter un modèle d’un groupe moteur-pompe couplé à un générateur photovoltaïque, ce modèle reliant la puissance électrique consommée par l’électropompe au débit d’eau pompée pour chaque hauteur de pompage. Les paramètres du modèle et l’erreur d’approximation sont obtenus en utilisant des mesures expérimentales. A cet effet, nous avons utilisé le banc d’essai de pompage photovoltaïque de l’URAER. Les résultats sont très satisfaisants. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/207 10.37138/jceco.v6i2.207 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/304 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.304 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/207/127 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/304/1463 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 6 عدد 2 (2017): v6i22017; 6-25 Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2017): v6i22017; 6-25 Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 6 No 2 (2017): v6i22017; 6-25 2588-2392 2335-1624 10.37138/jceco.v6i2 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 103 – 109 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 103 – 109 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource The elicitation, the elicitation of branches from origins, the elicitation of branches from branches التّخريج، تخريج الفروع على الأصول، تخريج الفروع على الفروع Système photovoltaïque Pompage d’eau Modélisation Modèle moteurpompe Title A name given to the resource التخريج وأثره في الفتوى عند علماء قسنطينة من خلال نوازل ابن الفكون The elicitation and its effect on the fatwa concerning Constantine scholars through Ibn Elfakoun renovation Modélisation d’un groupe moteur-pompe dans le banc d’essai de pompage photovoltaïque de l’URAER Ghardaïa Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Review Articles Journal of Renewable Energies Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Allouache, Mehdi Boudali Errebai, Farid Derradji, Lotfi Maoudj, Yassine Amara, Mohamed Mokhtari, Abderrahmane Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-06-14 2023-10-23 Description An account of the resource لقد استتبع التقدم العلمي تطورٌ كبير في تقنيات الإنتاج وابتكارٌ للعديد من المنتجات التي تتّسم بالخطورة والتعقيد، وإذا كان من الواجب على المنتج أن يبذل كل ما لديه من جهود لكي يُنتج منتوجا سليما خاليا من العيوب والمخاطر، فإنه  و بفعل التقدم العلمي وفي ظل قصور مستوى المعرفة العلمية لدى المنتج وقت تصنيع منتوجه و طرحه في السوق، بات من المتعذر عليه الإحاطة أو التنبؤ بما سيفرزه منتوجه من عيوب ومخاطر في المستقبل، وهذا ما يطرح الإشكال عما إذا كان من الممكن أن يُساءل المنتج عن العيوب المستقبلية لمنتوجه التي يسفر عنها التطور العلمي والتي لم يكن باستطاعته اكتشافها أو تلافيها وقت طرحه للتداول.      Scientific progress was followed by an evolution in the techniques of production and the innovation of many products that have proved to be dangerous and complex; And being his duty to make every effort to develop a sound product free of defects and risks, the producer, and due to the scientific progress and in light of the lack of the level of scientific knowledge at the time when the product is manufactured and put on the market, has become unable to anticipate nor predict the future defects and risks, and this raises the question of whether he is to be held responsible of possible future flaws resulting from scientific development which he couldn’t discover nor avoid at the time when the product was in circulation. Le choix du mode de chauffage dans une habitation est un facteur important pour assurer le confort des habitants, ainsi que la réduction des besoins en chauffage, qui elle-même participe à la réduction des gaz à effet de serre. Nous présentons dans ce cadre, une étude qui consiste à faire des simulations numériques du comportement thermo-aéraulique des ambiances intérieures des locaux d’habitation, en utilisant un logiciel de mécanique des fluides. L’objectif principal de ce travail est l’évaluation du confort thermique dans le local en comparant les résultats numériques obtenus pour un local d’habitation chauffé par différents systèmes. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’utilisation d’un système de chauffage par plancher chauffant dans un local d’habitation permet d’assurer un meilleur confort thermique. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/205 10.37138/jceco.v7i1.205 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/303 10.54966/jreen.v15i1.303 Language A language of the resource ara eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة Renewable Energy Development Center Relation A related resource http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/205/124 https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/303/1462 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 7 عدد 1 (2018): v7i12018; 561-594 Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018): v7i12018; 561-594 Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 7 No 1 (2018): v7i12018; 561-594 2588-2392 2335-1624 10.37138/jceco.v7i1 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No. 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 91 – 102 Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 15 No 1 (2012): Volume 15 (Regular); 91 – 102 2716-8247 1112-2242 10.54966/jreen.v15i1 Subject The topic of the resource risks, scientific progress, defects, product, producer liability مخاطر، التقدم العلمي، العيب، المنتوج، مسؤولية المنتج Indices de confort thermique CFD Ventilation Chauffage Title A name given to the resource أثرتعذر إحاطة المنتج بمخاطر التقدم العلمي على مسؤوليته المدنية The impact of the producer's unawareness of the risks of scientific progress on his civil responsibility Confort thermique d’un local d’habitation: Simulation thermoaéraulique pour différents systèmes de chauffage Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf