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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <text>Esmahi, Moustafa</text>
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                <text>Chelli, Farid</text>
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                <text>Tala-Ighil, Razika</text>
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                <text>Sali, Samira</text>
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                <text>Oussalah, Slimane</text>
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                <text>Boumaour, Messaoud</text>
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                <text>Tayour, Faiza</text>
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                <text>Si-Ahmed, Yasmine</text>
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                <text>2019-12-26</text>
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                <text>2023-10-25</text>
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                <text>لقد لقي الدرس المقاصدي اهتماما كبيرا من قبل العلماء، قديما وحديثا، ويعد الإمام المقري واحدا من العلماء الذين أولوا عناية خاصة لموضوع المقاصد، ليس على المستوى النظري فحسب، بل عمل على تنزيله من علياء التجريد إلى مستوى الواقع العملي، ويأتي هذا البحث ليكشف لنا عن علو كعبه في هذا العلم من خلال كتابه "القواعد الفقهية".</text>
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                <text>The intentional lesson has received great importance form both ancient and novice scholars. The Imam Almoqri is one of these scholars who paid special attention to the subject of&amp;nbsp; the &amp;nbsp;international&amp;nbsp; lesson &amp;nbsp;not only on the theoretical part, but also on the level of making it into practice.Hence,the main objective of this research is to shed light on his high skills in this field through his book "Fikhi rules".</text>
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                <text>La métallisation par sérigraphie est une des étapes les plus importantes dans la technologie d’élaboration des cellules solaires pour une production à grande échelle. Néanmoins, elle demeure dépendante de plusieurs paramètres variables. Pour le silicium multi cristallin, tout changement dans le procédé de réalisation des cellules solaires influence directement l’optimisation du profil de recuit de la métallisation par sérigraphie. Les plaquettes de silicium multi cristallin subissent toutes les étapes classiques de réalisation des cellules solaires comme le nettoyage chimique et la décontamination, une diffusion au phosphore et le dépôt du nitrure de silicium SiNx par PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition). Il y a juste le dépôt du contact Argent Ag sur la face avant de la plaquette. Nous avons utilisé la pâte de sérigraphie Ag Ferro 3349. La grille métallique comporte six (06) motifs TLM (Transfer Length Method) pour les mesures de la résistance de contact. Le principal but de ce travail est le contrôle de la qualité du contact Ag/SiNx/n+-Si dans les cellules solaires au silicium multicristallin. Les mesures TLM révèlent une cartographie des valeurs de la résistance de contact pour chaque température. Le profil optimal de température de recuit est autour de 750 °C.</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/96</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116594">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v8i2.96</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/229</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255442">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.229</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116595">
                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116596">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
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                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/96/40</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255445">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/229/1622</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116598">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255446">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116599">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 8 عدد 2 (2019): v8i22019; 9-49</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116600">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): v8i22019; 9-49</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116601">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 8 No 2 (2019): v8i22019; 9-49</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116602">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116603">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116604">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v8i2</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255448">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 633 – 638</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255449">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 633 – 638</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255450">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255451">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255452">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116605">
                <text>Applications, Maqassed, Almoqri, Fikhi rules</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116606">
                <text>التطبيقات، المقاصد، المقري، القواعد الفقهية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255453">
                <text>Résistance de contact</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255454">
                <text>Silicium multi cristallin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255455">
                <text>Métallisation par sérigraphie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255456">
                <text>Cellule solaire SiNx</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255457">
                <text>TLM</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116607">
                <text>القواعد المقاصدية وتطبيقاتها الفقهية عند الإمام المقري من خلال كتاب "القواعد الفقهية"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116608">
                <text>Intentional rules and their Fiqhi applications by Imam AlMoqri through his book "Fikhi rules</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255458">
                <text>Mesure statistique de la résistance de contact d’une grille sérigraphiée pour cellules solaires au silicium multicristallin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116609">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116610">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255459">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255460">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255440">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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  <item itemId="4926" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116566">
                <text>خلف الله    , حسين</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255405">
                <text>Adnane, Mohamed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255406">
                <text>Sahraoui, Toufik</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255407">
                <text>Abderrahmane, Abdelkader</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255408">
                <text>Hamzaoui, Saad</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255409">
                <text>Chaumont, Denis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116567">
                <text>2020-08-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255410">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116568">
                <text>هذه الرسالة تتحدث عن الخلو عند المالكية، حيث ذكر فيها مصنفها حقيقة الخلو وحكمه، وشروطه وفائدته، وقد ألفها بدعوى من قاضي العساكر في ذلك الوقت الشيخ عبد الباقي أفندي، وقد اعتمد في تأليفه هذه الرسالة على فتوى الشيخ ناصر اللقاني.</text>
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                <text>The letter is a communication about the immortality of al-Malikiyah, in which its classier mentioned the fact of al-Khalo and his rule, his conditions and his usefulness, and it was filed under a claim by the the judge of the military, Sheikh Abdul Baqi-Afandi, and in his authoritative text this letter was based on the fatwa of Sheikh Nasser Al-LaKani.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255411">
                <text>Depuis une dizaine d’années, des efforts considérables ont été accomplis dans le domaine de nouveaux matériaux synthétisés à bas coût pour être intégrer dans les cellules solaires à base de couches absorbantes CIS: CuIn (S,Se)2, et GICS: Cu(In, Ga)(Se,S)2. On peut citer à titre d’exemple les couches tampons telles que: CdS, ZnS, CuxS et Ag2S. Ces matériaux ont attiré notre attention vu leurs facilité à être déposé par la technique SILAR, ‘Successive Ionic Layer Absorption Reaction’ sur du verre, une technique réalisée et automatisé pour la première fois à l’université des Sciences et de la technologie d’Oran. Les matériaux sont synthétisés au laboratoire de microscopie électronique et sciences des matériaux et caractérisés à l’Université de Bourgogne par la coopération de l’équipe. Les couches minces et nanostructures sont le sulfure de cuivre CuxS, le sulfure d’argent Ag2S, le sulfure de zinc ZnS, le disulfure de cuivre et d’aluminium CuAlS2 et le disulfure de cuivre et d’indium CuInS2 ont un gap optique fondamental de l’ordre de 1,5 - 2,5 eV pour CuxS, de 1,0 - 2,0 eV pour Ag2S, de 2,5 eV pour ZnS, de 3,5 eV pour CuAlS2 et de 1,5 eV pour CIS. Ces matériaux sont préparés par plusieurs techniques, telles que spray, Sol gel, SILAR et bain chimique. A notre connaissance, il y a deux chercheurs indiens qui oeuvrent dans ce domaine, Lokhande et Pathan [1, 4, 5] qui ont développé cette technique au sens propre du brevet de déposition. Ces matériaux peuvent être utilisés en optoélectronique comme couche tampon et couche absorbante pour cellule solaire, photoconducteur et photodiode, dans les applications de l’environnement comme capteur de gaz.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116570">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/95</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116571">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1.95</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255413">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/228</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255414">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.228</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116572">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255415">
                <text>eng</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116573">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255416">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116574">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/95/39</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255417">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/228/1621</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116575">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255418">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255419">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116576">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2020): v9i12020; 112-137</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116577">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): v9i12020; 112-137</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116578">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 1 (2020): v9i12020; 112-137</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116579">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116580">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116581">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255420">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 625 – 632</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255421">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 625 – 632</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255422">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255423">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255424">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116582">
                <text>Vacancy,  Malek notion’s of vacancy, Stores  vacancy</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116583">
                <text>الخلوات، الخلو عند مالك، خلو الحانوت</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255425">
                <text>Metal chalcogenides</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255426">
                <text>Thin solid films</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255427">
                <text>SILAR Method</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116584">
                <text>تحقيق رسالة في الخلوات: لأحمد بن أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد المالكي المصري</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116585">
                <text>Epistole on vacancies: Ahmed Ben Ahmed Ben Abderrahman Ben Mohammed El Maliki El Mesri</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255428">
                <text>Elaboration et caractérisation des matériaux binaires CuxS et Ag2S élaborés par la technique SILAR pour couche tampon de cellule solaire à base de couche absorbante CIS</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116542">
                <text>محجور , ميمونة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116543">
                <text>بن حبيب, عبد الرزاق</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255377">
                <text>Djerroud, Salima</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255378">
                <text>Boudghene Stambouli, Amine</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116544">
                <text>2020-08-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255379">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116545">
                <text>ان تزايد المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية في الآونة الأخيرة يجعلها بحاجة الى تشكيلة متنوعة من الأدوات والمنتجات المالية الإسلامية المتوافقة مع احكام الشريعة، حيث أصبح التطور والابتكار في المنتجات المصرفية والأدوات المالية ضرورة حتمية، لذلك تعتبر الصكوك الإسلامية ذات أهمية كبيرة في الاقتصاد، اذ تؤدي دورا بارزا في توفير التمويل وإدارة السيولة، فهي تعتبر من اهم الأدوات التمويلية الإسلامية الواعدة، التي شهدت انتشارا ونموا سريعا في الآونة الأخيرة
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; تساهم هذه الورقة العلمية في تبيان المفاهيم الاساسية حول تداول الصكوك الإسلامية وكذا المبادئ التي تقوم عليها، كما تركز على التحديات والأسباب المختلفة، التي تحول دون عملية الإصدار التي تلعب دورا هاما في تنشيط الحركة الاقتصادية. ونتائج هذه الدراسة تشير الى ان عملية اصدار الصكوك الإسلامية تشهد بعض العراقيل، وذلك لعدة أسباب، منها ما هي أسباب اقتصادية وثقافية، علمية وسياسية.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp; The last two decades have witnessed rapid and successive developments in the banking and financial services sector.
As demand for Islamic financial products and services has increased, Sukuk has played a prominent role in providing finance and liquidity management .It is one of the most promising Islamic financial instruments which has witnessed rapid spread and growth in recent times.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; This paper aims to clarify the basic concepts of Islamic Sukuk and clarify the various challenges that may prevent the issuance of Islamic Sukuk. The results of this study indicate that there are several factors that impede the process of issuing Islamic sukuk, including: Economic, Cultural, and Political Factors.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255380">
                <text>La qualité des générateurs photovoltaïques (GPV) installés jusqu’à présent pouvait être contrôlée uniquement par le biais de système de mesures onéreux et peu pratique. Deux points importants sont étudiés dans le cadre de ce travail. Dans la première partie, on s’intéresse au développement d’un dispositif automatique de caractérisation de module PV à base du PIC16F877 sous condition de fonctionnement réel. Nous présentons dans la deuxième partie, une évaluation pratique des performances électriques d’un module solaire en silicium amorphe a-Si:H hybride (couches minces inorganique/substrat organique) en temps réel, orienté vers le sud avec une inclinaison de 38°, meilleure orientation pour la ville d’Oran (Algérie).</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116547">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/94</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116548">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1.94</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255382">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/227</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255383">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.227</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116549">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255384">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116550">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255385">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116551">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/94/38</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255386">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/227/1620</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116552">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255387">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255388">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116553">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2020): v9i12020; 92-111</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116554">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): v9i12020; 92-111</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116555">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 1 (2020): v9i12020; 92-111</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116556">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116557">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116558">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255389">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 613 – 623</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255390">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 613 – 623</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255391">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255392">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255393">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116559">
                <text>Islamic Finance, Islamic Sukuk, Issuance Challenges</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116560">
                <text>التمويل الاسلامي، الصكوك الإسلامية، تحديات الإصدار</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255394">
                <text>Dispositif automatique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255395">
                <text>Silicium amorphe</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255396">
                <text>Module PV hybride</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255397">
                <text>PIC16F877</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255398">
                <text>Caractérisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255399">
                <text>Couches minces</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255400">
                <text>Morphologie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255401">
                <text>Performances électriques</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116561">
                <text>الصكوك الاسلامية وتحديات اصدارها</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116562">
                <text>SUKUK: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255402">
                <text>Mise au point d’un dispositif automatique de caractérisation du module solaire à base d’un microcontrôleur PIC16F877 Application au module solaire hybride en a-Si:H</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116564">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116565">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255403">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255404">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="255381">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116518">
                <text>Bahi, Yacine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116519">
                <text>Mehaouat, Abdelkader</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255353">
                <text>Kavitha, Balakrishnan</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255354">
                <text>Dhanam, Muthusamy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116520">
                <text>2020-08-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255355">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116521">
                <text>يتناول البحث موضوعًا مهمًّا تمسّ الحاجة إلى معرفته في زماننا ألا وهو أحكام بعض المفطِّرات الطبية من زاوية إعمال القواعد الفقهية في إبراز الأحكام الشرعية لها؛ فجاء موسومًا بما يأتي: "قاعدة اليسير المعفوّ عنه وأثرها في المفطِّرات الطبية"، وقد أجاب عن إشكال رئيس هو: "ما مدى تأثير قاعدة اليسير المعفو عنه في المفطِّرات الطبية؟".
وبعد التعريف بالقاعدة محلّ الدراسة، تطرّق البحث إلى عدد من القضايا هي: بخاخ الربو، وغاز الأكسوجين، وقطرة الأذن، وقطرة العيْن، وقطرة الأنف.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ومما توصّل إليه البحث أنه إذا اتّحدت القواعد والأصول قلّ الخلاف كثيرًا، وانحصر في تحقيق المناط، ولذلك كانت المسائل المتناولة في البحث محلّ إجماع أو اتّفاق معظم الفقهاء المعاصرين على الرغم من اختلاف مذاهبهم ومدارسهم الفقهية.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116522">
                <text>The research deals with an important subject that needs to be known in our time; It is the provisions of some medical fasting nullifiers from the standpoint of the implementation of the jurisprudence rules in order to highlight their legal Islamic. It is entitled “The Rule of the Little Forgiving (Yassir) and its Effect on Medical Fasting Nullifiers”. It answered the following main problematic: "To what extent does the Rule of the little forgiving affect medical fasting nullifiers?”
After the definition of the rule in question, the research dealt with a number of issues: Asthma sprays, oxygen gas, ear drops, eye drops, and nose drops.
The research concluded that when rules and fundamentals get more common points there will be lesser disagreement and might be confined just to achieving the assigned questions. This explains why were jurisprudential questions in this research consensual by contemporary jurists despite these latter’s different jurisprudence schools.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255356">
                <text>CIAS, ‘Cu (In Al) Se2’ thin films are prepared on the glass substrates using economical chemical bath deposition ‘CBD’ technique. The effect of pH adjustments before or after preheating the reaction mixture has been discussed in this paper in a detail. Due to pH adjustment the change in the preferential orientation on the structural properties and the band gap variation with respect to thickness on the optical properties, has also been discussed.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116523">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/93</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116524">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1.93</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255358">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/225</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255359">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.225</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116525">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255360">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116526">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255361">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116527">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/93/37</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255362">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/225/1619</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116528">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255363">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255364">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116529">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2020): v9i12020; 69-91</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116530">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): v9i12020; 69-91</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116531">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 1 (2020): v9i12020; 69-91</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116532">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116533">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116534">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255365">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 603 – 612</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255366">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 603 – 612</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255367">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255368">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255369">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116535">
                <text>The jurisprudential rule; little, forgiven; fasting nullifiers</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116536">
                <text>قاعدة فقهية؛ اليسير؛ القليل؛ معفو عنه؛ مغتفر؛ المفطِّرات</text>
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                <text>Thin Films</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255371">
                <text>X-ray Diffraction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255372">
                <text>Crystal structure</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255373">
                <text>CBD ‘Chemical Bath Deposition’</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>قَاعِدَةُ الْيَسِيرِ الْمَعْفُوِّ عَنْهُ وَأَثَرُهَا فِي الْمُفَطِّرَاتِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116538">
                <text>The Rule of the little forgiving (Yassir) and its Effect on Medical Fasting Nullifiers</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255374">
                <text>The effect of pH adjustments on the structural and optical properties of CIAS thin films</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116495">
                <text>Benabdelkader, Zahra</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255327">
                <text>Tangka, Julius Kewir</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255328">
                <text>Tchakoua, Pierre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255329">
                <text>Fotsin, Hilaire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255330">
                <text>Fomethe, Anaclet</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116496">
                <text>2020-08-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255331">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116497">
                <text>تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى بيان دور صندوق النفقة الحاضنة الذي أنشأه المشرع الجزائري بموجب القانون رقم 15-01 المؤرخ في 04/01/ 2015، في رغبة منه للتخفيف من المشاكل المختلفة التي تعانيها المرأة المطلقة، لاسيما المطلقة الحاضنة، وتقف هذه الدراسة عند عمل هذا الصندوق وآلياته بالشرح والنقد، وذلك على ضوء بعض التجارب العربية، لتصل الدراسة في الأخير عند جملة من النتائج، مشفوعة بجملة من التوصيات التي تقترح من أجل تحسين عمله وزيادة فاعليته.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116498">
                <text>This study seeks to clarify the role of the Alimony Fund established by the Algerian legislator under Law No. 15-01 dated 04/01/2015, in order to alleviate the various problems that divorced women is suffering, especially the divorced women who is incubator. This study stands on this fund and its mechanisms with explaining and criticism depending on some of the Arab experiences. The study comes to end with a number of results, in addition to a number of recommendations that are proposed in order to improve its work and increase its efficiency.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255332">
                <text>La production décentralisée d’énergie électrique, bénéficie actuellement d’un essor très important. Plusieurs sources d’énergie renouvelables et gratuites, telles que le vent (éoliennes), le soleil (thermiques ou photovoltaïques), sont de plus en plus utilisées pour produire l’énergie électrique localement sur des sites isolés. A cause de l’inconstance du vent et de la lumière, la gestion de l’énergie constitue l’un des défis majeurs dans les systèmes électriques éoliens déconnectés du réseau, ainsi que dans les systèmes photovoltaïque-diesel. Nous présentons, dans cet article, la conception et la réalisation d’un module électronique de contrôle de charge et de gestion optimale de la production pour systèmes énergétiques hybrides tout en assurant la gestion efficace et intelligente de l’énergie électrique dans les systèmes énergétiques hybrides éolien-diesel et photovoltaïque-diesel.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116499">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/89</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116500">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1.89</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255334">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/224</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255335">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.224</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116501">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255336">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116502">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255337">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116503">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/89/36</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255338">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/224/1618</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116504">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255339">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255340">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116505">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2020): v9i12020; 40-68</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116506">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): v9i12020; 40-68</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116507">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 1 (2020): v9i12020; 40-68</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116508">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116509">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116510">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255341">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 591 – 602</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255342">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 591 – 602</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255343">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255344">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255345">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116511">
                <text>divorce, alimony, custody, alimony fund</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116512">
                <text>الطلاق، النفقة، الحضانة، صندوق النفقة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255346">
                <text>Energies renouvelables</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255347">
                <text>Systèmes énergétiques hybrides</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255348">
                <text>Contrôle de charge</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255349">
                <text>Gestions efficace et Intelligente</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116513">
                <text>صندوق النفقة للمرأة الحاضنة: - دراسة نقدية تحليلية في القانون رقم 15-01 بالمقارنة مع بعض التشريعات العربية–</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116514">
                <text>Alimony fund for foster women: A critical analytical study in Law No. 15-01 compared to some Arab legislation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255350">
                <text>Conception et réalisation d’un module électronique de contrôle de charge et de gestion optimale de l’énergie pour systèmes énergétiques hybrides éolien-diesel, photovoltaïque-diesel et éolien-photovoltaïque-diesel (MECCGOPSEH)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116515">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116516">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255351">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255352">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="255333">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="4922" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="44">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
                  <text>Review Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116472">
                <text>Benbeghila, Leila</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255303">
                <text>Ourahmoun, Ourida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255304">
                <text>Belkaïd, Mohammed Said</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116473">
                <text>2020-08-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255305">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116474">
                <text>تكمن خطورة فيروس كورونا في سهولة انتقاله بشكل يضاعف مخاطر الإصابة بالتهابات حادة في جهاز التنفس، هذا الوباء الذي ضرب العالم استدعى اتخاذ إجراءات أولية أغلبها في غياب أي غطاء قانوني فالتخوف والارتباك الذي مس العالم نتيجة الانتشار السريع لهذا الوباء، جعلت السلطة السياسية في الجزائر تعلن إجراء الحجر الصحي، وما تبعه من إعلان لحالة الطوارئ الصحية.
&amp;nbsp; إن حالة الطوارئ الصحية لا تدخل ضمن الحالات المشار إليها والتي تضمنتها نصوص الدستور الجزائري وأهم الشروط&amp;nbsp; المطلوبة لإعلانها ،أي أنها غير مقننة في الدستور، وهي أقل من حالة الحصار أو حالة الطوارئ أو الحالة الاستثنائية، ولكن تلتقي هذه التدابير جميعها في كون الإجراءات المتخذة في نطاقها من طرف السلطات المختصة، من شأنها المساس بالحريات والحقوق المدنية والسياسية للأفراد نتيجة توسيع صلاحيات بعض السلطات الأمنية أو العسكرية، بهدف إرجاع الأوضاع إلى حالها الطبيعي وحفظ النظام العام ولو استدعى ذلك المساس ببعض الحقوق والحريات المقررة في الدستور للأفراد.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116475">
                <text>The danger of the Corona virus lies in its ease of transmission in a way that doubles the risk of acute infections in the respiratory system. This epidemic that struck the world necessitated taking initial measures, mostly in the absence of any legal cover. The fear and confusion that affected the world as a result of the rapid spread of this epidemic, made the political authority in Algeria announce a procedure Quarantine, and the subsequent declaration of the health emergency The state of health emergency does not fall within the aforementioned cases that were included in the provisions of the Algerian constitution and the most important conditions required for its declaration, that is, it is not codified in the constitution, and it is less than the state of siege, state of emergency, or exceptional case
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; However, all these measures meet in the fact that the measures taken within their scope by the competent authorities, prejudice the freedoms and civil and political rights of individuals as a result of the expansion of the powers of some security or military authorities, with the aim of returning the situation to its normal state and preserving the public order, even if this necessitates prejudice to some of the rights and freedoms established In the constitution for individuals.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255306">
                <text>Increasing energy assumption and rising energy prices in the world forces to look for energy alternatives, one of the most promising is the photovoltaic energy. Solar cells made from organic materials are particularly attractive because they are relatively easy to produce, structurally flexible, and can be applied to large areas at low cost. Fill Factor is a more sensitive parameter compared to open-circuit voltage (Voc) and shortcircuits current density (Jsc). This FF depends also on the thickness of the active-polymer layer, on the morphology of the cathode-polymer interface and on temperature. In this article, we study the dependence of fill factor (FF) on different parameters in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116476">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116477">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1.85</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255308">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/223</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255309">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.223</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116478">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255310">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116479">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255311">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116480">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/85/35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255312">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/223/1617</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116481">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255313">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255314">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116482">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 1 (2020): v9i12020; 11-39</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116483">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): v9i12020; 11-39</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116484">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 1 (2020): v9i12020; 11-39</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116485">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116486">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116487">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i1</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255315">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 583 – 590</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255316">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 583 – 590</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255317">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116488">
                <text>Emergency, blockade, exceptional situation, general mobilization, corona virus</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116489">
                <text>الطوارئ، الحصار، الحالة الاستثنائية، التعبئة العامة، فيروس كورونا</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255320">
                <text>Photovoltaic energy conversion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255321">
                <text>Organic semiconductors</text>
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                <text>Efficiency</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255323">
                <text>Fill factor</text>
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                <text>الأساس القانوني لحالة الطوارئ الصحية في الجزائر</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116491">
                <text>Legal framework for a health emergency in Algeria</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255324">
                <text>Dependence of the characteristics of organic solar cells on cathode polymer interface</text>
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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                <text>فرحاتي, بلقاسم</text>
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                <text>Mehdaoui, Ahmed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255277">
                <text>Sadok, Mohammed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255278">
                <text>Chikhi, Sid Ali</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255279">
                <text>Mammeri, Abdelkrim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116450">
                <text>2020-12-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255280">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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              <elementText elementTextId="116451">
                <text>تنطلق هذه الورقة البحثية من إشكالية محورية مفادها: ما دور وسائل الإعلام الوطنية في تحقيق الأمن الثقافي في ظل العولمة؟، وهذا حفاظا على هوية المجتمع الجزائري، والتي بدورها تعاني من أزمة خطيرة، كونها تتعرض لعدة تهديدات من مصادر أجنبية المستخدمة لأسلحة فتاكة، يتقدمها الإعلام، خاصة وأنهم يوجهونه بأيديهم بحثا عن تواجد مصالحهم.
ولأن الإعلام من أهم وسائل صناعة الهوية، وصياغة القيم، كان حريا على البحث تقصي دوره الفعال في بناء الهوية الوطنية، وكيفية تجاوز مخاطر العولمة الثقافية، والتأثير السلبي على الأمن الثقافي للمجتمع العربي عامة، والجزائري على وجه الخصوص.</text>
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                <text>This research paper starts from a central problematic; What's the role of national media in Achieving cultural security, in light of globalization ? preserve the identity of the Algerian society. The identity that suffers from a serious crisis, as it's exposed to several foreign threats that uses lethal weapons mainly the Media, knowing that it's in their hands to direct where their interests are. It's one of the most important means of creating identity and formulating values. Thus, It was a top priority to search for the effective role of the media in building a national identity and how to overcome the dangers of cultural globalization a s also the negative impact on the cultural security of the Algerian society in particular and the Arabic society in general .</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255281">
                <text>Ce travail présente les résultats de l’expérimentation et des tests de caractérisation de deux systèmes de pompage photovoltaïque (PV), le premier système alimenté par un générateur PV incliné à la latitude du lieu, soit 27.8° pour le site d’Adrar, l’autre système est alimenté par un générateur PV avec une inclinaison variable mensuelle. Les tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés dans le but d’une évaluation du gain énergétique entre les deux configurations, et par conséquent, l’optimisation du générateur PV qui représente plus de 80 % du prix du système de pompage PV. Suite à ces résultats, nous pouvons proposer à l’utilisateur une configuration de systèmes de pompage PV optimisé, moyennant une légère augmentation du coût.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116453">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/79</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116454">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2.79</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255283">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/222</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255284">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.222</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116455">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255285">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116456">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255286">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116457">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/79/34</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255287">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/222/1616</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116458">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255288">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255289">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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              <elementText elementTextId="116459">
                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 2 (2020): v9i22020; 131-154</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116460">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): v9i22020; 131-154</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116461">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 2 (2020): v9i22020; 131-154</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116462">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116463">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116464">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255290">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 571 – 582</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255291">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 571 – 582</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255292">
                <text>2716-8247</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255293">
                <text>1112-2242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255294">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116465">
                <text>media; cultural security; globalization; national identity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116466">
                <text>وسائل الإعلام، الأمن الثقافي، العولمة، الهوية الوطنية</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255295">
                <text>Pompage PV</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255296">
                <text>Optimisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255297">
                <text>Gain énergétique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255298">
                <text>Inclinaison optimale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255299">
                <text>Performances</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116467">
                <text>دور وسائل الإعلام الوطنية في تحقيق الأمن الثقافي داخل المجتمع الجزائري في ظل العولمة وتحدياتها الثقافية</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116468">
                <text>The role of the national media in achieving cultural security in light of globalization and its culture challenges</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255300">
                <text>Gain énergétique entre deux configurations de système de pompage d’eau photovoltaïque Application au site d’Adrar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255282">
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                  <text>Review Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="250599">
                  <text>Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116428">
                <text>Almatrafi, Ghazi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255251">
                <text>Hamel, Rachid</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255252">
                <text>Smaïli, Arezki</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116429">
                <text>2020-12-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255253">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116430">
                <text>لقد استهدفت الدراسة الفقهية بعنوان: (القنوت خارج الصلاة لنازلة الوباء) بحث وجمع وتأصيل لمسألة القنوت والدعاء خارج الصلاة بسبب الجوائح والأوبئة، حيث إني لم أر من بحثها أو جمعها وأصلها بالأدلة الشرعية وقد سرت في بحثها وفق منهج علمي وصفته في المقدمة.
وإشكالية البحث دائرة حول حكم القنوت خارج الصلاة سواء بصفة فردية أو جماعية، ويهدف إلى بيان حكم هذا الفعل وإبراز أهمية القنوت وحكمه وهدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيه.
ثم ختمت البحث بأهم النتائج المستخلصة، ومنها: مشروعية القنوت في عموم الأوبئة، وتخصيص النازلة بصلاة خاصة نوعٌ من الإحداثِ في الدين، مشروعية قنوت المنفرد برفع النازلة وكشفها مطلقاً من غير ارتباطٍ بصلاة، وجواز الدعاء في الاجتماع العارض من غير قصد الدعاء والتداعي له ، ومن غير أن يوجد منكر في أثنائه ، والقنوت بصوت جماعي على أسطح المنازل ، وعند أبواب المساجد في غير صلاة من الإحداث في الدين ومن البدع الإضافية،&amp;nbsp; ثم التوصيات، وفهرس للمصادر والمراجع.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116431">
                <text>The fiqh study entitled: “The Qunoot performed outside of the prayer due to the calamity of pandemics” is intended to research, compile and investigate the issue of qunoot and making supplication outside the prayer on account of epidemics and pandemics. I understand that this has not been examined before in light of the sharee`ah evidences. Therefore, I wished to research this in accordance with scientific -based approach as described in the Introduction.
The problem of the discussion is a circle around the rule of Qunoot outside prayer, whether individually or collectively, and it aims to explain the ruling on this act and highlight the importance of Qunoot and its rule and the guidance of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Then she concluded the research with the most important conclusions drawn, including: the legitimacy of Qunoot in general epidemics, the assignment of calamity to a special prayer is a type of events in religion, the legitimacy of the singular Qunoot by raising the calamity and uncovering it absolutely without connection to prayer, and the permissibility of supplication in an accidental meeting without the intention of supplication and calling for it, and from However, there is an objection during it, and the qunoot with a collective voice on the roofs of houses, and at the doors of mosques without prayers from the events in religion and additional heresies, then recommendations, and an index of sources and references.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255254">
                <text>Ce papier présente une méthode de simulation numérique pour la prédiction d’écoulement autour d’une éolienne à axe horizontal opérant en régime stationnaire, en utilisant le code ‘Fluent’. L’objectif principal est de déterminer les caractéristiques aérodynamiques de la pale en état d’arrêt et en rotation. Les simulations ont été effectuées en considérant les équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées par la procédure de Reynolds. Un maillage non-structuré a été adopté et en utilisant la technique ‘moving reference frame’. Le modèle de turbulence Spalart-Allmaras a été utilisé pour décrire l’écoulement turbulent. Les résultats de simulations ont été comparés avec ceux du l’expérimental, pour les conditions à la fois fixe et en rotation. En général, de bonnes concordances ont été notées.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116432">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/78</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116433">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2.78</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255256">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/221</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255257">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.221</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116434">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255258">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116435">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255259">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116436">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/78/33</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255260">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/221/1615</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116437">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255261">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255262">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 2 (2020): v9i22020; 90-130</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116441">
                <text>2588-2392</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116442">
                <text>2335-1624</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 561 – 570</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255264">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 561 – 570</text>
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                <text>2716-8247</text>
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                <text>1112-2242</text>
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                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4</text>
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                <text>القنوت خارج الصلاة لنازلة الوباء</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116445">
                <text>The Qunoot performed outside of the prayer due to the calamity of pandemics</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255272">
                <text>Prédiction numérique de l’écoulement turbulent autour des pales d’une éolienne à axe horizontal</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Boulahmar, Yassin</text>
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                <text>Benyoucef, Boumediene</text>
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                <text>Amara, Sofiane</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>تأتي هذه الدِّراسةُ لتَكْشِف عن بعض المقاصِد الشَّرعيَّة والفوائِد الـمَرْعِيَّة، من مختلف الأَسْفَار الأرضِيَّة والـجَوِّيَّة، والتَّنقُّلات والرَّحلات السِّياحيَّة، التي تعود بالخير العَميم، والجزاء العَظيم، على الـمُكَلَّف في الدَّارَيْنِ، ليقِف العاقلُ على حقيقَتِها وأبعادها، ويستفيد النَّبيهُ من مَراميها ومَقاصِدها؛ متى انقادَ إلى ضَوابِط وأحكام الشَّرعِ، ونَظَرَ إلى الأسفار والسِّيَّاحة بعين الرِّضا والنَّفْعِ، بعيدًا عن تَطَلُّعاتِ الأَهْوَاءِ وتَفَلُّتاتِ الطَّبْعِ.</text>
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                <text>This study comes to reveal some of the legitimate intentions and benefits gained from the various ground and air travel, and tourism in the land, which brings great good, and abundant reward, to the taxpayer in the two homes, and the intention is that the sane person stands for its truth, and benefits from its dimensions, when it adheres to the provisions and controls Legitimacy, and stay away from following the whims of the soul.</text>
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                <text>Une maison écologique, désigne plus un concept qu’un type défini d’habitation. L’idée est de combiner les différents modes de chauffage, de ventilation, d’alimentation des appareils pour réduire massivement la consommation d’énergie, donc une décroissance exponentielle du rejet de CO2. Le travail présenté est l’étude de l’impact d’une maison écologique sur l’environnement. Afin d’aboutir à ce bilan, il faudrait d’abord faire une étude globale sur le bilan énergétique, à partir duquel nous pourrons connaître d’un coté le temps d’utilisation de chaque équipement de la maison, donc un bilan sur le rejet de CO2 et de l’autre coté, la comptabilisation du carbone dans l’énergie primaire, ainsi que le cycle de vie des matériaux d’isolation. Les résultats obtenus ont été confrontés aux résultats de la même maison construite avec des matériaux non isolants, tels que la brique, le béton… La confrontation montre une différence significative sur les plans énergétique, économiques, ainsi qu’environnementaux, ce qui nous laisse très optimistes sur le rendement des habitats écologiques.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116410">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2.76</text>
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                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/220</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255233">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i4.220</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116412">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255235">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116414">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255237">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255238">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 2 (2020): v9i22020; 53-89</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116416">
                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): v9i22020; 53-89</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116417">
                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 2 (2020): v9i22020; 53-89</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 545 – 559</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255240">
                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 4 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 545 – 559</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116421">
                <text>destinations, tourism, travel, rationalization, trip</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116422">
                <text>المقاصد، السِّياحة، السَّفر، التَّرشيد، الرِّحلة</text>
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                <text>Développement durable</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255245">
                <text>Energie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255246">
                <text>Economie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255247">
                <text>Environnement</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116423">
                <text>السِّياحة والضَّرب في الأرض بين مقاصد الشَّارع ومقاصد المُكلَّف</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116424">
                <text>Tourism and travel between the purposes of GOD and the purposes of servants</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255248">
                <text>L’impact environnemental d’une habitation écologique</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="115913">
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116382">
                <text>Chbira, Soufiane</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255197">
                <text>Abdessamed, Soumia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255198">
                <text>Ben Moussa, Hocine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255199">
                <text>Zitouni, Bariza</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255200">
                <text>Rousseau, Benoit</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255201">
                <text>Zeroual, Mostefa</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116383">
                <text>2020-12-28</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="255202">
                <text>2023-10-25</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>يتميز نظام الوقف الإسلامي بمرونة تشريعية فائقة، ساهمت في ضمان بقائه على مدار قرون مترامية من الزمن، وفي استيعابه كذلك لمختلف أساليب التسيير والإدارة، التي كان لها بالغ الأثر في تنميته وتطويره.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ولعل من أبرز التقنيات الحديثة التي تطرح نفسها بشدة اليوم تقنية "سلسلة الكتل" أو ما يسمى بـ "البلوك تشين"، وهي تقنية من شأنها أن يكون لها دور بارز في تطوير أداء منظومة الأوقاف في ظل الرُّكود الذي تشهده في بعض البلدان الإسلامية إن وجدت طريقا للتجسيد، خاصة أن المنظومة التشريعية الضابطة لأحكام الوقف لا تأبى تطبيق هذه التقنية، بل إنَّ تطبيقها من شأنه أن يضع حدًّا للكثير من النّقاشات والجدالات الفقهية القديمة.</text>
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                <text>The Islamic Waqf System is distinguished by its superb legislative flexibility, which contributed to ensuring its existence over the centuries, and also assimilating the various methods of management and administration that had a great impact on its development and development.
&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Perhaps one of the most prominent modern technologies that present themselves strongly today is "block chain" technology, a technique that will have a prominent role in developing the performance of the Waqf system in light of the stagnation witnessed in some Islamic countries if there is a way to materialize, especially since the legislative system that controls the provisions The Waqf does not refuse to apply this technique, but rather its application would put an end to the repercussions of the old debates and debates.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255203">
                <text>Une modélisation bidimensionnelle couplée, utilisant la méthode des volumes finis, est mise en oeuvre pour calculer le champ de température d’un coeur de pile à combustible à électrolyte solide de première génération. Le système étudié repose sur l’assemblage coplanaire de trois céramiques (cathode LaMnO3, électrolyte de ZrO2- 8 % Y2O3, anode de Ni- ZrO2- 8 %Y2O3). La modélisation, qui tient compte de l’effet du rayonnement thermique, calcule le champ de température du coeur de pile pour deux températures de gaz réactants. Dans ce cadre, l’impact du rayonnement thermique est ici discuté.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116386">
                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/75</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="116387">
                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2.75</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255205">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/219</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255206">
                <text>10.54966/jreen.v13i3.219</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116388">
                <text>ara</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255207">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="116389">
                <text>جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية –قسنطينة</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255208">
                <text>Renewable Energy Development Center</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>http://ojs.univ-emir-constantine.edu.dz/ojs/index.php/jceco/article/view/75/31</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255209">
                <text>https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/219/1613</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="116391">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255210">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Renewable Energies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="255211">
                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</text>
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                <text>مجلة الشريعة والاقتصاد ; مجلد 9 عدد 2 (2020): v9i22020; 31-52</text>
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                <text>Journal Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): v9i22020; 31-52</text>
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                <text>Journal of Charia and Economics ; Vol. 9 No 2 (2020): v9i22020; 31-52</text>
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                <text>2588-2392</text>
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                <text>10.37138/jceco.v9i2</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No. 3 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 537 – 544</text>
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                <text>Journal of Renewable Energies; Vol. 13 No 3 (2010): Volume 13 (Regular); 537 – 544</text>
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                <text>Waqf, blockchain, financial disclosure, legal personality</text>
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                <text>تِقْنِيَةُ " سلسلة الكُتَل "ودورها في تطوير أداء منظومة الأوقاف</text>
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                <text>The "block chain" technology And its role in developing the performance of the Awqafs  system</text>
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                <text>Influence du rayonnement thermique sur le champ de température d’un coeur de pile à combustible SOFC à anode supportée Effet des températures de gaz</text>
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