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                <text>Beghdadi, Farouk</text>
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                <text>Peopling the English colonies in North America was of great importance. The English adopted many strategies to attract immigrants because they needed big numbers of workers to maintain their plantations and their presence in the new continent. This paper deals with the influence of the economic conditions of the British North American colonies in the shaping of their immigration policy. Usually, the focus is on the impact of immigration on the economy of a given society; however, the present work tries to investigate the role that the economy of the colonies played in molding the colonists’ policies towards the attraction of immigrants. The major issue of the paper is centered on the factors that influenced the colonial strategy towards immigration. The work suggests that the colonists’ economics played a key role in drawing the basis of the colonies’ immigration policy).</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 74-84</text>
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                <text>Colonial America</text>
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                <text>immigration</text>
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                <text>black slaves</text>
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                <text>Economy and the Shaping of the Immigration Policy of  the British American Colonies (1624-1775)</text>
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                <text>Benhabililes, Bakir</text>
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                <text>Throughout history, translation has never been an isolated activity or an independent literary entity; it has always been tailored by interior and exterior influential factors. In terms of social agents involved in the production of translations, the publishing industry is increasingly becoming a driving force in translation. Publishing is an integral part of the process, which controls mechanisms of translation and dictates editorial rules. Publishers have a huge influence on choosing books to be translated and on hiring translators, and thus on the way the translations are received by the audience. Despite their huge ascendancy however, little research has been carried out in this area. The purpose of this paper is to discover the extent of the publisher’s influence on the translated text. Given that translation theory has often focused solely on the author–translator relationship, our objective is to demonstrate that the translation process is not an ordinary dyadic relationship between a source text and a target text, or a translator and an author, but is a central meeting point for a mixture of relationships in which publishers play a hegemonic role. The publisher`s influence is discussed here through one particular controversial case: Milan Kundera’s novel The Joke (Žert), which first appeared in 1967.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 116-121</text>
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                <text>Control</text>
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                <text>Milan Kundera</text>
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                <text>The Influence of Publishing Strategies on the Process of  Translation: the case of Milan Kundera</text>
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                <text>Bencherif , Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Functional equivalence in translation The poet of Malhoun in the work of 'Marguerite'
This work studies a literary work that objectively and meticulously depicts historical data from the last quarter of the 19th century and that relates to the significant events of the French colonization of Algeria. The choice of the literature is due to a lack of testimony. The Algerian writers, who carved the literary productions, evolved, in their works, around their misery and torments. They had not completely restored the historical context of the period studied. Neither did the colonial writers devote their pen to the stories of the country in which they lived. They were colonial thinkers, almost ethnic cleansers, insofar as they advocated theories to oppress the natives. This work aims to situate and investigate the colonial phenomenon by demonstrating how it progressed through discrimination in the fiscal, agricultural and social policy against Algerians.</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/560/450</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 136-148</text>
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                <text>Algeria</text>
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                <text>Margeurite</text>
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                <text>Marguerite</text>
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                <text>Colonialism.</text>
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                <text>L’équivalence fonctionnelle dans la traduction Le poète du Malhoun dans l’oeuvre de ‘Marguerite’</text>
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                <text>Bouayed, Nassima</text>
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                <text>The Symbolism of Veil in Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams of Women a childhood in the Harem
The Maghrebi woman has long suffered from the deletion and confinement that society has imposed on her since the beginning of time. Fatima Mernissi immediately felt concerned and has just wanted to give the floor to all those women who have been silenced so far. The title of her novel is already very indicative, Childhood in the Harem, harem or the forbidden. We will endeavour to go through this work to show how Mernissi has tried to break the rules by using her writing to oppose the discomfort that reigns around these women who had to make a very difficult choice through a lot of compromises to free themselves from the veil of practices and tradition.</text>
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                <text>La symbolique du voile dans Rêves de femmes une enfance au harem de Fatima Mernissi</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>collboration and cooperation</text>
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                <text>disambiguation of collaboration and cooperation</text>
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                <text>Collaboration versus Cooperation   A social disambiguation</text>
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                <text>Representations of Violence and Counter-Violence in Christoph Hein’s Work: A Discourse Analysis
Violence is generally defined as a daily phenomenon of human reality, which nowadays comes in different forms, involving verbal abuse, and which concerns all cultures and social classes. Violence is also a constitutive dimension in the work of the German author Christoph Hein. Regarding its universal importance and its presence in various discourses (literary and non-literary ones), but also its discursive and counter-discursive forms, the present article aims to de- and/or reconstruct different types of violence discourses, articulated and represented in the author's fictional texts. The prose of the author Christoph Hein is the main corpus of the present article. The representativeness of violence in fiction undeniably stems from a transcultural reflection, which does not only take into account the real and primary forms of violence (especially patriarchal), but also its sometimes invisible or even non-verbal mechanisms.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 48-62</text>
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                <text>Repräsentationen von Gewalt und Gegengewalt im  Werk Christoph Heins: eine diskursive Analyse</text>
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                <text>The Wharfe is a river of Yorkshire, in northern England. It was known to the Romans as 'Verbeia', also used of their fortress in what is now the town of Ilkley. Although 'Verbeia' is surely Celtic and ultimately gives the modern hydronym 'Wharfe', its meaning has been obscure. Comparison with other Celtic forms yet suggests the sense 'Powerful Striker, she who is Strong in Hitting'', with 'ver' as an intensive prefix and 'beia' related to British and Irish words for 'axe' and the like. The pagan Celts worshipped rivers as goddesses; the Wharfe is a formidable stream, liable to dangerous floods; the name hence indicates a female deity regarded with awe, whose name survives to this day on a Roman altar in Ilkley Museum.</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 8-16</text>
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                <text>Bessedik, Fatima Zahra</text>
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                <text>This essay tends to discuss anxiety as a feature of Anglo-Saxon culture. It considers three Old English poems: The Battle of Maldon, The Battle of Brunanburh, and Juliana. Using textual analyses and psychoanalytic theory, the study argues that Anglo-Saxon culture is inherently savage. The analyses demonstrate how Anglo-Saxon ethics idealize tragic heroism and glorify battle. Finally, the study delves on the image of the monster as a metaphor of the Old Germanic unconscious. By reading the image of the demon in Cynewulf’s Juliana, the study considers the appearance of the devil as a reflection of the Anglo- Saxon obsession with fear. I argue that the poem, by representing the Devil, ultimately denounces the Anglo- Saxon warrior ethics.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 17-23</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Old English Literature</text>
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                <text>Anxiety in the Old Germanic Life: A Review of Anglo- Saxon Heroic Literature</text>
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                <text>Sarnou , Dalel</text>
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                <text>Arab women writers have proved themselves to the West and to each other. Reading for an Arab woman novelist translated works of significant literary creativity may contribute to the change of the western ‘misrepresentation’ of the Arab Woman. Such suggestions are speculative and reflective at the same time, but they offer readers an opportunity to introduce new curricula in Algerian education. This paper aims to investigate the significance of some translated literary works by Arab women authors by selecting a translated version of a bestselling Arabic novel (Hajarou Dhahik). In line with the introduction of the LMD system in Algerian English departments, the objective is also to emphasize the relevance of incorporating and adopting such works into the English literature curriculum at university.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 128-135</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312970">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>the Stone of Laughter</text>
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                <text>Translated Arab Woman Writings The Translation of What an Arab Woman Can Be: A case study H. Barakat’s The Stone of Laughter [الضحك حجر ]</text>
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                <text>Hocini, Siham</text>
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                <text>Bejaoui , Wafa</text>
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                <text>The Expression of Disagreement in the Algerian TV Debate: Case of the "Controversy" broadcast
The act of disagreement imposes itself with variable dosages in all types of verbal interactions, in familiar conversations as in formal interactions, as in the televised debate in which it takes on various forms. However, in Algeria, there are currently no books examining the different achievements of this phenomenon in this context. Thus, the need was immediately felt to conduct a research, in the field of interactional pragmatics, aimed at describing the different formulations of this speech act in the Algerian televised debate, and more specifically in the program "Controversy". The analysis of the corpus, which is based on Kerbrat-Orecchioni's description of the achievements of speech acts, shows that the expression of disagreement in these debates is certainly based on extremely varied means, but the most widely used method remains that of controversial negation.</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 103-115</text>
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                <text>L’expression du Désaccord dans le Débat Télévisé Algérien : cas de l’émission « Controverse »</text>
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