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                <text>Ghenimi , Abdelouafi</text>
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                <text>Electronic Dictionaries
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                <text>Cet article examine, en s’appuyant sur des exemples concrets, la problématique de la traduction automatique et de la conception des dictionnaires électroniques. L’étude a montré qu‘il n'existe pas de représentation normalisée des dictionnaires dans la mesure ou chaque analyseur, ne fonctionne qu’avec un dictionnaire dont la&amp;nbsp;structure est dépendante des choix théoriques et conceptuels de cet analyseur et du degré de finesse que l'on veut atteindre dans les traitements.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 86-92</text>
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                <text>automatic translation</text>
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                <text>Les Dictionnaires Électroniques</text>
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                <text>Manaa,  Gaouaou</text>
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                <text>New Approach of Teaching Foreign Languages: The passage from one language to another Why Translate? What to translate? How to translate?
By highlighting the very specificity of each language, translation can be a vector of mediation between languages and cultures. It can indeed contribute when it remains focused on the meaning more than on the form, so that the native of a language learning a second language becomes better aware of the functioning and the originality of each of the two languages.</text>
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                <text>En mettant en évidence la spécificité même de chaque langue, la traduction peut être un vecteur de médiation entre les langues et les cultures. Elle peut contribuer en effet, quand elle reste concentrée sur le sens plus que sur la forme, à ce que le natif d’une langue apprenant d’une langue seconde prenne mieux conscience du fonctionnement et de l’originalité de chacune des deux langues.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2002 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 79-85</text>
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                <text>Mediation vector</text>
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                <text>second languages</text>
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                <text>Nouvelle approche dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères : Le Passage d'une langue à l’autre Pourquoi Traduire ? Que Traduire ? Comment Traduire?</text>
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                <text>Bayouna , Mohamed Lamine</text>
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                <text>Personal Experience of Translation from English to French: Analysis of practical cases in mathematics
In this article, we intend to draw attention to the complexity of scientific and technical translation. From the analysis of a concrete case of translation of a mathematics text written in English, we try to show that even if a teacher masters the English language completely, he can have difficulties in translating a text which is not a common language, and that the collaboration of the mathematician is necessary to obtain a good translation. 
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                <text>Dans le présent article, nous entendons attirer l’attention sur la complexité de la traduction scientifique et technique. A partir de l’analyse d’un cas concret de traduction d’un texte de mathématiques rédigé en anglais, nous essayons de montrer que même si un enseignant maîtrise tout-à fait la langue anglaise, il peut avoir des difficultés à traduire un texte qui ne relève pas de la langue courante, et que la collaboration du mathématicien est nécessaire pour obtenir une bonne traduction.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/282</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 64-78</text>
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                <text>Expérience Personnelle de Traduction de l'Anglais au Français : Analyse de Cas Pratique en Mathématiques</text>
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                <text>Expérience Personnelle de Traduction de l'Anglais au Français : Analyse de Cas Pratique en Mathématiques</text>
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                <text>Translation as a Link in the Chain of Didactic Transposition: Tracking and questioning
The definition of translation given in the problematic of the colloquium questions the very translating activity of the translator. This article tries to show that this activity can be invested in linguistic mediation to prepare for didactic transposition and be useful for teaching.</text>
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                <text>La définition donnée de la traduction donnée dans la problématique du colloque interroge l’activité traduisante même du traducteur. Cet article essaie de montrer que cette activité peut être investie dans la médiation linguistique pour préparer à la transposition didactique et être utile pour l’enseignement.
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Translating activity</text>
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                <text>Traduction, maillon de la chaine de transposition didactique ? Repérage et questionnement</text>
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                <text>Traduction, maillon de la chaine de transposition didactique ? Repérage et questionnement</text>
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                <text>Morphology and Translation
The study of the Morphology of Languages and that of Translation are two completely different disciplines. For the translator, morphology is of no interest, however, it seems that the formation of words can be very useful to him. This study showed that derivation in Arabic represents a huge potential in the formation of new words that the linguist as well as the translator can use.&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>L’étude de la Morphologie der Langues et Celle de la Traduction sont Deux disciplines tout-à-fait différentes. Pour le traducteur, la morphologie ne présente aucun intérêt, cependant il semble que la formation des mots peut lui être très utile. Cette étude a monté que la dérivation en arabe représente un potentiel énorme dans la formation de nouveaux mots que le linguiste ainsi que le traducteur peuvent utiliser.
&amp;nbsp;
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 46-54</text>
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                <text>Etymological derivation</text>
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                <text>formation de mots</text>
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                <text>Morphologie et Traduction</text>
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                <text>Yettou,  Boualem</text>
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                <text>Es bedarf keines besonderen Scharfblicks, um zu erkennen, dass das Thema Lehrerhandreichungen (LHR) als Gegenstand der DaF-Lehrwerkforschung noch brachliegt. Es kann in dieser Hinsicht sogar von einem Forschungsdefizit gesprochen werden, denn auch in Studienbibliographien wie im Sonderband Nr. 24 von (Honnef, Becker, Kühn,1998).</text>
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                <text>On Function and Content of Teachers' Handouts
It doesn't take any special perspicacity to realize that the topic of teacher's handouts (LHR) as a subject of DaF textbook research is still untapped. In this regard, one can even speak of a research deficit, because even in studying bibliographies. This article discusses the function and content of the handouts elaborated by the teachers of Deutsch to teach the German language to Algerian students.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 39-45</text>
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                <text>Zu Funktion und Inhalt von Lehrerhandreichungen</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>Seddiki, Aoussine</text>
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                <text>Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags geht es mir vor allem darum, das Äquivalenzproblem mit dem wir dauernd beim Übersetzungsprozess konfrontiert werden, möglichst unter semantischem Aspekt zu analysieren und entsprechende Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung möglicher Äquivalenzhindernisse bzw. zur Erreichung optimaler Übersetzungsergebnisse vorzuschlagen.</text>
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                <text>Semantic Equivalence Problems when Translating Arabic Texts into German
In the context of this article, we are primarily concerned with analyzing the equivalence problem that we are constantly confronted with during the translation process, specifically from a semantic point of view, then we suggest appropriate measures to prevent possible equivalence obstacles to achieve optimal translation results.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2002 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 34-38</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v1i1</text>
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                <text>Übersetzungsfragen</text>
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                <text>Semantik</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304449">
                <text>Äquivalenzproblematik</text>
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                <text>arabische Texte</text>
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                <text>deutsche Übersetzung</text>
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                <text>Translation matters</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304453">
                <text>semantics</text>
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                <text>the problem of equivalence</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304455">
                <text>Arabic texts</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304456">
                <text>German translation</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304457">
                <text>Semantiscbe Äquivalenzprobleme bei der Ubarsrtzung arabiselier Texte ins Deatwäe</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304406">
                <text>Nayhauss, Hans-Christoph Graf v.</text>
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                <text>Translated Arabic Literature as a window to Foreign Mentalities: On the problem of the reception of foreign-cultural literature
This article is concerned with the structure of hermeneutic understanding in order to "guarantee within cultural traditions a possible action-oriented self-understanding of individuals and groups and a reciprocal foreign understanding of other individuals and other groups through translated literary texts. Through this study, it can be stated that regional knowledge. i.e. knowledge of the historical, political, economic, and cultural peculiarities of a people cannot express the "spiritual body of a nation's inner history". In order to achieve this, i.e. to make the mentality of a foreign culture recognizable, in the sense of v. Eichendorff's poetry. in our case, the literature of a people in which ways of thinking and feelings, thought content, and emotional content are congealed in contemporary North African literature. To provide such guidance. At the same time, it opens the view for certain deficits of the recipient, which have to be compensated if one does not want to remain on the surface of the foreign culture. In oriental countries, this includes the necessary knowledge of the basics of Islam and knowledge of myths and rites, which have become the language of fairy tales in particular. because the religious and the folk and superstition are the forces that motivate the everyday life of oriental peoples, which cause their life motivation. Such active forces always flavor the literature of peoples However, contemporary North African literature is not just a literature of self-expression by its authors. an attempt to find oneself spiritually at home, it is also a window on literature in the sense of Karl Dedecius, the main addressee of which is not only the local reader but above all the Foreigners, the Europeans, the French or the Spaniards, who often even provided the authors with the language and in whose language area many of the North African authors also live. So they produce their literature not only with a view to their own memories and experiences with their homeland but also with a view to the foreign country in which they live.
their own memories and experiences with their homeland, but also with a view to the foreign country in which they live</text>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/277</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v1i1.277</text>
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                <text>deu</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304413">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/277/195</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304415">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2002 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 1 No 1 (2002): Traduction et Langues Volume 1: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2002 ; 22-33</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v1i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304420">
                <text>foreign culture</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304421">
                <text>Problem of reception</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304422">
                <text>Arabic literature</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304423">
                <text>literary texts</text>
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                <text>Problem of reception</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="304425">
                <text>foreign culture</text>
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                <text>Arabic literature</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304427">
                <text>literary texts</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304428">
                <text>Übersetzte arabische Literatur als Schüssel für fremde Mentalitäten</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="303802">
                  <text>Traduction et Langues</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Delmon, Djomeni Gabriel</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2021-12-31</text>
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                <text>This paper attempts to show that the surge of a world pandemic known as COVID-19 has allowed the local languages of Cameroon to supplant the official languages, English and French in their daily use to fight against the pandemic or to prevent the population from the threat. To reach the people at the grassroots, local languages have been used as the main channel. The pandemic is therefore looked at as a contributor to the dynamics of small languages, mainly in Cameroon, favouring their greater use for better communication and sensitisation. Relying on the community-based approach, triggered by personal observation and community involvement, the paper demonstrates that COVID-19 has allowed the enrichment of the local languages or national languages of Cameroon with new words, and has vivified their use in an environment where they are dominated by some world killer languages like English and French. The paper concludes that the dynamics of the local languages would also benefit a lot from an interconnectedness among language committees and health care specialists who will develop entangled discourses in the local languages to reach a larger majority of peoples at the grassroots, and by doing so, creating more new words that will perpetuate the lexical dynamics of the involved languages.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304378">
                <text>Cet article vise à démontrer que la propagation de la pandémie mondiale à corona virus encore connue sous l’appellation COVID-19 a donné la possibilité aux langues locales ou nationales Camerounaises de supplanter les langues officielles, à savoir le français et l’anglais, dans leur usage quotidien dans la lutte contre la pandémie ou dans la sensibilisation de la population contre la maladie. Les langues locales ont été ainsi utilisées depuis l’avènement de la pandémie comme le moyen principal d’atteindre la grande masse de la population à la base. Dans cette perspective, nous pouvons considérer la pandémie à COVID-19 comme un adjuvant au dynamisme des langues minorées puisqu’elle contribue à favoriser une utilisation plus large des langues nationales en permettant de véhiculer la bonne information et de sensibiliser efficacement les populations sur la pandémie. En nous appuyant sur la l’approche communautaire sur laquelle se greffe l’observation personnelle et l’implication communautaire, l’étude démontre que l’avènement de la COVID-19 a favorisé l’enrichissement des langues locales camerounaises avec de nouveaux concepts. En outre, leur utilisation s’est vue vivifier dans un environnement où ces dernières sont largement dominées par les langues officielles que sont l’anglais et le français. L’article s’achève aussi sur la conclusion selon laquelle la dynamique des langues locales pourrait aussi bénéficier de l’interconnexion entre les comités de langue et les spécialistes de santé qui pourront développer des discours croisés dans le but d’atteindre davantage un plus grand nombre de la population à la base et ce faisant, créant de nouveaux mots qui perpétueront le dynamisme lexical des langues impliquées.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304380">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/272</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304381">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2.272</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304382">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304383">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304384">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/272/219</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304385">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 111-119</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304386">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304387">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304388">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304389">
                <text>languages</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="304390">
                <text>dynamics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="304391">
                <text>COVID-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304392">
                <text>pandemic</text>
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                <text>community</text>
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                <text>new words</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304395">
                <text>langues</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304396">
                <text>dynamique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304397">
                <text>COVID-19</text>
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                <text>pandémie</text>
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                <text>communauté</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304400">
                <text>nouveaux concepts</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="304401">
                <text>Local Languages Dynamics during COVID-19 Times in  Cameroon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304402">
                <text>Local Languages Dynamics during COVID-19 Times in  Cameroon</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304340">
                <text>Abidi Saad, Houda</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304341">
                <text>Senoussi, Massika</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على ممارسات التقييم في الكتابة الأكاديمية. ركز التحليل على عينة مكونة من خاتمة ثلاث أطروحات دكتوراه باللغة الفرنسية كلغة اجنبية للتمييز بين مختلف الممارسات التقييمية التي يستخدمها الباحثون في الكتابة الأكاديمية. يمكن لممارسات التقييم هذه أن تترجم وضع طالب الدكتوراه في كتاباته ويمكن أن تتخذ مظاهر مختلفة تختلف من دراسة إلى أخرى. و بالتالي، تساءلنا كيف تظهر هذه الممارسات التقييمية نفسها، لا سيما في خاتمة أطروحات الدكتوراه باعتبارها جزءًا من هذا النوع من الكتابة الأكاديمية حيث يعرض الباحث نتائجه ويحدد افاق وحدود بحثه. تم اللجوء إلى المنهج اللغوي التلفظي من خلال تحديد محددات المواقف التقييمية الذاتية الأكثر تكرارًا في الكتابة الأكاديمية وهذا من خلال تعريف الموقف في الكتابة الأكاديمية من قبل هيلاند حيث هناك أربع عناصر تحدد وضع طالب الدكتوراه في كتابته. أظهرت دراسة النتائج الثلاث أن ممارسات التقييم تتقارب من حيث الحكم والتقدير والالتزام. وفقًا لنظرية التقييم، يعتبر الحكم والتقدير شكلين من أشكال المواقف وهذا سمح لنا باكتشاف من خلال التحليل الذي تم إجراؤه أن هذين الشكلين من المواقف يمكن أن يكونا موجودين في الكتابة الأكاديمية بالإضافة إلى وجود محددات المواقف التقييمية الذاتية التي تتنوع وتختلف حسب طبيعة الدراسة.</text>
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                <text>Evaluation Practices in Academic Writing: the case of the conclusions of doctoral theses in Science in FFL
This study aims to shed light on assessment practices in academic writing. The analysis focused on a sample made up of findings from three FFL science doctoral theses to distinguish the different practices used by researchers in academic writing. These evaluation practices can translate the position of the doctoral student in his writing and can take different manifestations that vary from one study to another. Thus, we wondered how these evaluative practices manifest themselves, particularly in the conclusions of doctoral theses as being the part of this type of academic writing where the researcher presents his results and identifies the perspectives and limits of his research. Recourse to the lexico-enunciative approach was made by identifying the most recurrent enunciative subjectivemes in academic writing and this by resorting to the definition of position in academic writing by Hyland where four elements define the position of the doctoral student. The study of the three findings has shown that evaluation practices converge in terms of judgment, appreciation and commitment. According to the appraisal theory, judgment and appreciation are considered as two forms of attitude and this allowed us to discover through the analysis carried out that these two forms of attitudes can be present in the academic writing as well as a presence of evaluative subjectives that varies according to the nature of the study.</text>
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                <text>Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière les pratiques d’évaluation dans l’écrit académique. L’analyse s’est focalisée sur un échantillon composé de trois conclusions de thèses de doctorat ès sciences en FLE pour distinguer les différentes pratiques évaluatives adoptées par les chercheurs dans l’écrit académique. Ces pratiques d’évaluation peuvent traduire le positionnement du thésard dans son écrit et peuvent prendre différentes manifestations qui varient d’une étude à l’autre. Ainsi, nous nous sommes demandé comment se manifestent ces pratiques évalutives notamment dans les conclusions de thèses de doctorat comme étant la partie de ce type d’écrits académiques où le chercheur présente ses résultats et dégage les perspectives et les limites de sa recherche. Nous avons adopté une approche lexico-énonciative en relevant les subjectivèmes énonciatifs les plus récurrents dans l’écrit académique, et ce en ayant recours à la définition de position dans l’écrit universitaire par Hyland où quatre éléments définissent la position du thésard dans son écrit. L’étude des trois conclusions a montré que les pratiques d’évaluation convergent dans l’optique de jugement, d’appréciation et d’engagement. D’après la théorie de l’appraisal, le jugement et l’appréciation sont considérés comme deux formes d’attitude et cela nous a permis de découvrir à travers l’analyse effectuée que ces deux formes d’attitudes peuvent être présentes dans l’écrit académique ainsi qu’une présence des subjectivèmes évaluatifs qui varie selon la nature de l’étude.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/271</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2.271</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fra</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/271/222</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304352">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 20 No 2 (2021): Traduction et Langues Volume : 20 Numéro : 02 / Décembre 2021; 203-217</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304353">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="304354">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v20i2</text>
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                <text>academic writing</text>
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                <text>engagement</text>
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                <text>evaluation</text>
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                <text>evaluatives subjectivèmes</text>
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                <text>position</text>
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                <text>الكتابة الأكاديمية - الالتزام</text>
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                <text>écrit académique</text>
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                <text>engagement</text>
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                <text>évaluation</text>
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                <text>position subjectivèmes évaluatifs</text>
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                <text>الالتزام</text>
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                <text>التقييم</text>
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                <text>الموقف</text>
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                <text>محددات المواقف الذاتية التقييمية</text>
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                <text>الكتابة الأكاديمية - الالتزام</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Les pratiques de l’évaluation dans l’écrit académique    Cas des conclusions de thèses de doctorat ès Sciences en FLE</text>
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                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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