26 10 558 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olawale, Chris Lekan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Gender relations are enacted in the day-to-day lived experiences of men and women. Mundane practices such as talks and jokes may not only reflect the prevailing gender relations in society, but may also offer opportunities to contest them. Stand-up comedy, as a genre of comedy, is especially suitable in this regard because it is discursive in nature. Stand-up comedians achieve their aim of entertaining and exciting laughter often through gendered manipulations of language — hence, the genre of stand-up comedy offers a veritable site for investigating dominant gender representations in Nigeria. This study seeks to argue that rhetorical strategies are a chief means by which stand-up comedians succeed in their various representations of women and men, and by so doing implicate rhetoric in gender relations of power, as contested in the Nigerian context of stand-up comedy. The data for the study comprise nine selected volumes of two stand-up comedy shows in Nigeria, Nite of a Thousand Laughs and AY Live, which are analysed to examine the rhetorical strategies employed by Nigerian male stand-up comedians in their gendered performances. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/625 10.52919/translang.v16i1.625 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/625/511 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 46-61 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource women gender gender relations Nigerian context Title A name given to the resource An Analysis of Rhetorical Strategies in the Gendered Performances of Nigerian Male Stand-up Comedians Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rudd, Philip Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Great post-independence migration from rural areas to urban centers has brought contact and competition to African linguistic gene pools. In Nairobi, Kenya, the main contestants are a trio of English, Swahili, and the indigenous language, making the duel a truel. Though the obvious outcome has been an ecological imbalance in socioeconomics (Mufwene 2008), few studies, other than Laitin and Eastman (1989: 52), have addressed the motivations and constraints on the speakers of the dueling languages. This paper introduces the concept of the truel from game theory (Kilgour & Brams 1997) to analyze and illuminate the linguistic tussle between an ex-colonial language, a native lingua franca, and local African Urban Youth Language (AUYL) practices (e.g., Sheng and Engsh). Mufwene and Vigouroux (2008: 23) argue that the elite keep the ex-colonial language as an entitlement. Nationalists support Swahili as a Pan- Africanist unifier. Historically, however, no one wishes to support anyone else’s mother tongue, so the indigenous language loses out. A series of motivations for each language variety is described, and it is shown that in each case, the player takes a rational strategy in the competition, but produces the illusion that the indigenous language has lost out. This new approach dramatically reduces the impression that the native speaker of indigenous African languages has lost the linguistic battle, and hence makes the rational choices of linguistic practices clearer. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/624 10.52919/translang.v16i1.624 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/624/510 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 36-45 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource AUYL deloping game theory Kenya truel Sheng Title A name given to the resource The AUYL Truel Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oyebola, Alaje Olubunmi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Phonology can be defined as the study of sound patterns and their meanings both within and across languages. There are innumerable appraisals of scholars on the phonology of French and Yorùbá languages as twin-sisters with little attention paid to the distinctive variance in their phonemic features. Premised on distinctive feature theory which identifies a set of features adequate for describing the segmental contrasts and phonologically important segment groups observed in languages, this study interrogates the differences in the types of syllables, formation of syllables and the components of the syllabic structures in French and Yorùbá languages with a view to identifying how these two languages negotiate their divergence in phonology and morphology. The study reveals that, that two languages are genetically related does not mean that the two will always share the same phonological, morphological, syntactic and grammatical similarities at all times. This study argues that the only workable way out of phonological, morphological, syntactic and grammatical difficulties for Yorubaphone French language learners is not via cloning the linguistic twin sisters. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/623 10.52919/translang.v16i1.623 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/623/506 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 232-242 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource French and Yorùbá languages syllable syllabification of French Phonological features Title A name given to the resource Cloning the linguistic twin sisters: A Comparative Linguistic Study of French and Yoruba Languages Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hedid, Souheila Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource The didactics of spelling in question: experimental study with an adult audience Writing in all its forms guarantees the survival and persistence of human thought, which is how it is transmitted from generation to generation. At the heart of this practice, which is both social and individual, we see the emergence of the need to improve one's learning of spelling, the most obvious component of writing. In fact, with the emergence of Internet and the new means of communication, learning to spell is becoming more and more important. This study questions the dimension of this learning in an adult audience, it aims to identify what this teaching has as specific when it comes to the transmission of a foreign language to adults. The reflection initiated here refers to experimental research. The results of this didactic survey are analyzed with a qualitative methodology that allows the data to be interpreted according to several paradigms. The study of the FLE method used and the learning context gives us multiple analytical leads, the choice of a given approach depends on the characteristic elements of the corpus studied. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/621 10.52919/translang.v16i1.621 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/621/508 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 27-35 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource writing FLT adult learner CEIL writing FLT adult learner CEIL Title A name given to the resource La didactique de l’orthographe en question : étude expérimentale avec un public adulte Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Osuolale, Ajayi Ibukun Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Stand-up comedians do not only aim to get their audience entertained. They also try to trigger audience epistemic and ideological engagement with different humour contents. This is done by them through the transactional frames of ideologies and social identity embedded in comedic routines. This study seeks to analyse a growing presence of Rapport management framework and gender representations that challenge and seek to change existing gender stereotypes about women not supporting women. Three female African stand-up comedians have been selected for this study. Two joking performances of Helen Paul (Nigeria comedian), Tumi Morake (South African comedian), and Heiress Jacinta (Ghanaian comedian) were transcribed using the researchers’ notations. Four jokes each were purposively selected from the performances of each of the comedians, and the transcribed data was analysed using Spencer-Oatey’s (2000) Rapport Management theory, and van Dijk’s (2000) ideological Square. The study reveals that African female comedians identify gender binaries and they use their jokes to project ideologies about it. These ideologies influence perceptions of the social identity of the African woman. It is evident, from the data, that the African female comedians predominantly challenge ideologies that are not positive about the female gender, sometimes by ‘de-emphasising positive things about the male gender’, but also by emphasizing female rapport that busts contrary stereotypes. In the process, the female comedians deploy several different linguistic strategies, which the study also explores. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/620 10.52919/translang.v16i1.620 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/620/507 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 164-174 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource Gender ideology African females stereotypes challenge change joking performance Title A name given to the resource Women Supporting Women: changing traditional gender perceptions in African women stand-up comedy Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adebayo, Alao Pascal Oladele, Tanitolorun Ezekiel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects in Translation Translation as a sub-discipline of Applied Linguistics is today a scientific interdisciplinary practice. Culture as intertwined with language could not therefore, most of the time, be separated from the culture of the speakers of a particular language or from their linguistic interactions and engagements. Based on this, the extralinguistic aspects come in. The authors of this article therefore make a trial to link French language and Yoruba, a language notably spoken in the South-West of Nigeria. We discover that there are more dissimilarities than similarities in relation to French and Yoruba in particular. These are the problems emanated from translation and only linguistics, that is the use of language itself, can resolve it. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/619 10.52919/translang.v16i1.619 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/619/505 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 210-220 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource translating extralinguistic culture French Yoruba teaching translation extralinguistic culture French Yoruba teaching Title A name given to the resource Les aspects linguistiques et extralinguistiques en Traduction Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ebongue, Augustin Emmanuel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Anglophone linguistic imaginary in relation to official bilingualism in Cameroon The author of this article examines, from a sociolinguistic angle, the image that the English- speaking Cameroonian believes to be the one that the French-speaking Cameroonian has of him. To achieve this, we used a corpus made up of literary and political discourses. The common denominator of these two sources of the corpus is that they allow the profile of many glottopolitical interventions which are, according to Henri Boyer, 1997: 29), "the act of individuals (personalities more or less known in general), groups and/or associations of language activists […] they often have a strong claiming and polemical content, based on an identity ideology and a regionalist or nationalist political option”. They betray a linguistic imagination strongly marked by a feeling of glottophobia of which English-speaking Cameroonians claim to be victims. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/618 10.52919/translang.v16i1.618 Language A language of the resource fra Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/618/504 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 98-112 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource Glottopolitical interventions glottophobia English-speaker Francophone linguistic imagination self-marginalization self-exlusion Glottopolitical inerventions Glottophobia English-speaker Francophone linguistic imagination self-marginalization self-exlusion Title A name given to the resource Imaginaire linguistique anglophone en rapport avec le bilinguisme officiel au Cameroun Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hurst, Ellen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource This paper focuses on the ideologies surrounding language that are produced by a cohort of students in their first year at a South African university, in order to investigate how dominant power- discourses are reproduced. An assignment asking students to relate their language histories reveals strong language ideologies relating to South Africa’s official, and not-so-official, languages. These ideologies are surfaced through a form of critical discourse analysis, undertaken using NVivo software. The paper argues that the students’ ideologies are influenced by discourses such as language hierarchies and what Mignolo (2005) calls ‘coloniality’. Language attitudes on the other hand, reflect students’ strong identification with their home languages, and the effects of English dominance are felt at various levels. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/617 10.52919/translang.v16i1.617 Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/617/503 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 113-130 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource language attitudes students effects of Enlish dominance Title A name given to the resource Hierarchies and coloniality: students' language ideologies and attitudes in Cape Town Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Faiz, Alshehri Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-31 Description An account of the resource Translators in the merry-go-round of perspectives: reciprocal suggestions for translation and intercultural philosophy This article deals with the question of how selected insights from intercultural philosophy can enrich translation studies. This concerns the aspects of the dynamic concept of culture and the avoidance of essentialism, as well as the ability to change perspectives and thus also the avoidance of stereotyping, generalizations and the absolutization of supposed findings about the culture in question. It is assumed that the findings can be of use in translation teaching. The extensive overlap of concerns in translation studies and philosophy shows that mutual awareness of discourses in the two fields enhance translation theory and deepen research in philosophy. Therefore, it addresses the core of philosophical problems related to the philosophy of mind, including the nature of knowledge, decision making, and the perception of other minds, as well as cognitive and social functions such as intention, action, communication, and ethics. Despite, and sometimes even because of, disagreements in philosophical circles about all these issues, translation teachers, translation scholars, and translators themselves have much to gain by addressing the big questions raised by philosophers, critical responses to philosophical arguments, and the substantive value of philosophical writings when compared to the body of descriptive translation data and theoretical frameworks that have emerged in translation studies. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/616 10.52919/translang.v16i1.616 Language A language of the resource deu Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/616/502 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 01 / Août 2017; 7-26 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v16i1 Subject The topic of the resource Philosophy translation studies translation data intercultural change of perspective sterotyping generalization absolutization Philosophy translation studies translation data intercultural change of perspective stereotyping generalization absolutization Title A name given to the resource Übersetzerinnen im Karussell der Perspektiven: Reziproke Anregungen für Translation und Interkulturelle Philosophie Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Articles Articles Dataset Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource قدور , إبراهيم محمد Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-12-31 Description An account of the resource The concept of literature according to Mustafa Nasif Mustafa Nassef is considered one of the poles of contemporary Arab criticism who was inhabited by the awareness that prompted him to search for a special critical method for Arabic literature. Through it he tried to read the heritage with much depth and awareness and with an objective view. He based his approach to heritage texts on a methodological framework that relied on a set of Western approaches that he tried and adapted to serve the heritage text, preserving its cultural specificity with the motive of renewing the tools of understanding to remove many of the psychological barriers that exist between us and our heritage. He also presented a set of critical studies, theoretical and applied, in an attempt to clarify the characteristics of the theoretical advocacy that he deems appropriate for the analysis of literary works. The purpose of this research was to find out the interpretation of Nasef's approach to literature and to know his general view of knowledge, considering that his approach represents a modern intellectual current and thus invested in literary studies. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/610 10.52919/translang.v11i2.610 Language A language of the resource ara Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Relation A related resource https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/610/712 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 2 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Numéro: 2/Décembre 2012 ; 243-258 2600-6235 1112-3974 10.52919/translang.v11i2 Subject The topic of the resource Contextual criticism aesthetic criticism Mustafa Nasif Arab criticism symbol critical approaches contextual criticism aesthetic criticism Mustafa Nasif Arab criticism symbol critical approaches. Title A name given to the resource مفهوم الأدب عند مصطفى ناصف Type The nature or genre of the resource info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article