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                <text>The current paper deals firstly with some theoretical reflections on the importance of universities as the first stage in training students of translation as professional and expert translators’ in the future on the basis of translation teaching /learning process. Also, the various approaches, methods and procedures applied by teachers during the process that help to verge on texts to be translated the maximum adequate equivalents that correspond to the original text. Moreover, the role of the teacher as an educator and as a facilitator of the translation task will be discussed. As a matter of fact, this study takes into consideration the major roles as well as the consequences given by the academic training in training expert translators. So, to what extent do the pedagogical translation and the educational setting succeed in training the students of translation on the professionalism of translation? And what are the conditions that should be set up to realize such objectives for specific and general practice of translation process?</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 2 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2017; 42-49</text>
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                <text>The Impact of Academic Training on Beginner  Trainee Translators</text>
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                <text>The Linguistic Analysis of Discourse as a Prerequisite to an Engineering Approach: physics discourse
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 16 No 2 (2017): Traduction et Langues Volume: 16 Numéro: 02 / Décembre 2017; 29-41</text>
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                <text>L’analyse linguistique du discours comme préalable à  une démarche ingénierique : Discours de la physique</text>
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                <text>The Translation of argumentation in the Holy Quran: A pragmatic study of the translation of Muhammad Hamidullah to the meanings of the Surah Al-An'am into French
The Holy Qur’an is one of the heavenly books that have occupied thinkers and theorists since the dawn of human civilization, especially since the Qur’an is a rich material for studying inimitability, grammar, meanings, Al-Badi’ and rhetoric. Since translation is concerned with the study of texts and their transfer into different languages, and after the development and ramifications of the science of translation in its specializations, the topic of translating the meanings of the Noble Qur’an was one of the studies that drew ink from many translators and researchers.This scientific paper examines the translation of argumentation and persuasion in the Surah Al-An'am because of its unique eloquence. The aim of this study is to address the extent to which the translator was able to convey these arguments to the reader in the French culture. That is why we will see how the translator was able to influence the views and behavior of the French interlocutors, and did he succeed in winning the hearts and directing the minds of the readers; We also address the extent to which translation approaches the meanings contained in the arguments of the Qur’an, and whether the translator was able to convey them faithfully in order to achieve persuasion.Hamidullah’s translation of the Qur’an is considered to be one of the most important French translations and the closest to the meanings of “The Quran” and fulfilled its purposes and goals. Hamidullah sometimes relied on the interpretive translation to be able to reach the required argumentation, and at other times he adheres to a close literal translation.Hamidallah's translation was faithful, but it lacked the original French refinements, especially as we know that he relied in his translation on the old original copies in Qur’anic studies, going back to their manuscripts and deciphering them.However, despite its accuracy, this translation lacks further explanations and commentary that a text as rugged as the Qur'an would require. It is not possible for the French reader to enter into the symbolic worlds of the Quran, and its stylistic variability as well as its cultural codes, only through the grace of elucidation and expansion. Hamidullah confined himself to the apparent meanings, and he may have neglected some of the signs and allusions involved in the verses, even though “the Qur’an is a carrier of faces.”
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 174-187</text>
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                <text>ترجمة الحجاج في القرآن الكريم دراسة تداولية لترجمة "محمد حميد الله" لمعاني سورة الأنعام إلى اللغة الفرنسية</text>
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                <text>محجور,  نورة</text>
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                <text>Cultural transfer in cross-linguistic film subtitling Film "The Opium and the Stick" as a case study
In translation studies, the issue of cultural transfer was and still is one of the challenges on which the success or failure of the translation process in creative writings depends. In the sense that texts are generally translated according to the traditional concept of translation, but when it comes to the cinematographic audio-visual texts, in particular, the situation is completely different, especially in the field of cinematographic subtitling, because the text remains hypothetical and it requires the understanding of dialogues and other cinematographic factors. This work discusses the mechanisms that govern the process of cultural transfer in cinematographic subtitling between languages (the source and target languages), as well as the nature of equivalence which cannot be understood without considering the context.It appears through this study that the word outside of actual use is meaningless; considering that texts or discourses convey within them a cultural content and a cognitive material, expressed in a specific place and context with a specific intention, and this cultural content is what was expressed. Meaning is the essence of the transfer process in translation and it is the first and last goal because the extract is based on meanings in the process of transferring through understanding that is generated through the linguistic and non-linguistic elements of the cinematographic film. Put otherwise, both formal equivalence and functional equivalence have their place in the transfer strategy adopted by the detractor. Familiarity with the text is not only a feature of dubbing, but also subtitling. It should also be noted that in addition to these elements, there are still other fundamental problem in the stage of understanding the retrieved text, which lie in the fact that our knowledge of audio-visual translation is limited so far. We cannot even say that the translator follows these steps; rather each translator has his own style of transmission, and it is even more difficult to determine how to understand the text - what do we do exactly when we try to understand an audiovisual text? Also, successful methods have not been available to deal with this type of communication channels by providing the elements of audio-visual sense, subjective experience and information that must be available for an audio-visual translator. These issues lead us to reconsider the classical and modern translation concepts and reformulate them according to the current communicative data.
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 166-173</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321526">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321527">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321528">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321529">
                <text>inter</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321530">
                <text>Inter-languages cinematographic subtitling</text>
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                <text>cinematographic language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321532">
                <text>the principle of alienation and familiarity with the text</text>
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                <text>acculturation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321534">
                <text>interculturality</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321535">
                <text>translation equivalence-language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321536">
                <text>translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321537">
                <text>cultural transfer</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321538">
                <text>communication</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321539">
                <text>Inter-languages cinematographic subtitling</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321540">
                <text>cinematography language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321541">
                <text>the principle of alienation nad familiarity with the text</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321542">
                <text>acculturation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321543">
                <text>interculturality</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321544">
                <text>translation equivalence-language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321545">
                <text>translation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321546">
                <text>cultural transfer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321547">
                <text>communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321549">
                <text>النقل الثقافي في السترجة السينماتوغرافية ما بين اللغات فيلم*العفيون والعصا*نموذجا</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321551">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321553">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321459">
                <text>Beddiaf, Abdelghafour</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321460">
                <text>Ben Safi, Zoulikha</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321461">
                <text>2018-08-31</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321462">
                <text>This paper explores the value of English as a foreign language in the Algerian oil-industry context. The study has as a main objective examining the respective position of English in the presence of Arabic and French in an economic sense. The data was collected using a small-scale self-reported survey inclined mostly towards multiple choice items. The data elicited was then analysed through the tabulation statistical procedure. Therefore, the research design is primarily quantitative. The results show two main findings. First, English is highly valorised in the context of the study and appears to enjoy an appreciated position. Second, French is of minor value in comparison to both English and Arabic. That is surprisingly incompatible with previous research suggesting that the languages of colonial legacy usually gain a prestigious status within past-colonies labour markets. Further, these outcomes have language policy implications. Because English is obviously dominating in the Algerian business setting in question, second/foreign language planners must reconsider their decisions from a more inclusive perspective than a mere academic predilection. Economic reasons also dictate strong indicators for overall language policy and planning.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321463">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321464">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/568</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321465">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i1.568</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321466">
                <text>eng</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321467">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321468">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/568/457</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321469">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 17 No 1 (2018): Traduction et Langues Volume: 17 Numéro: 01 / Août 2018; 122-133</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321470">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321471">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321472">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v17i1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321473">
                <text>Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321474">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321475">
                <text>Economic implications</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321476">
                <text>Foreign language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321477">
                <text>Language policy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321478">
                <text>Multinational company</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321480">
                <text>Second language</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321481">
                <text>The Position of English in the Workplace in Algeria: An Economic-oriented Perspective</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321483">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321485">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321406">
                <text>عليوي, فاطمة</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321408">
                <text>خليفي, دليلة</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321410">
                <text>2012-08-31</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321412">
                <text>During the French campaign against Algeria, Orientalism was oriented to support its colonial ambitions. Among the French soldiers who arrived in our country were a number of translators, writers and thinkers who cared about eastern society and the nature of their lives and their thinking. Orientalists aimed to explore Algerians' lives and their religious, linguistic, cultural and historical situations by translating religious texts and studying the Arabic language in its various dialects, as well as addressing Algeria's history and popular heritage...So was French orientalism in Algeria to serve the intellectual and civilizational project claimed by France or was it the facade that concealed its colonial ambitions and missionary endeavours? It is the question what we will consider in this paper by defining the concept of orientalism and addressing its beginnings first and then focusing on the French orientalism in Algeria and its relationship with translation with a particular interest given to the most important personalities in the field and their efforts to support French conquest of Algeria. We concluded through this study that Orientalism imposed itself in Algeria through the French colonial campaign and included several areas in Algerian society in order to study its thinking pattern and the nature of its living. The efforts of the Orientalists focused on studying Arabic and Berber in its various dialects, in addition to researching Algerian history, folklore and Islamic religion with diverse means, including translation, which was a vital tool for communicating with members of society and a powerful tool to activate the fields of literature, history, religion and jurisprudence. So, oriental studies, with all their inclinations and tendencies, analyzed society and revealed its ways of thinking and dealing with various social, political and religious issues under the pretext of spreading the values of civilization and culture. However, the main goal is to support the French presence in Algeria. Indeed, Orientalism was to support the colonial goals, but it left a huge amount of work in various fields, and translation was an aid in transmitting religious and historical texts and studying its linguistic and folklore heritage.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321416">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/567</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321417">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1.567</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321419">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321421">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/567/458</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321425">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321427">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 156-165</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321429">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321430">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321432">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v11i1</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="321434">
                <text>Orientalism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321436">
                <text>French campaign</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321438">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321440">
                <text>Eastern society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321442">
                <text>colonial ambitions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321444">
                <text>Orientalism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321445">
                <text>French campaign</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321447">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="321449">
                <text>Eastern society</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321451">
                <text>colonial ambitions.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="321453">
                <text>الترجمة والاستشراق في الجزائ ر تحت الاحتلال الفرنسي</text>
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          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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Currently, in the Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) there is a significant interest for the university and for all its components, including teachers and students. Due mainly to the basic importance of education and research in retaining the level of development of these countries. However, there is a progress towards the registration of Spanish students at the Algerian university, and this is not only due to the motivation towards this language and its civilization but also to the presence of many students. Companies from Spain to Algeria. From there, we say that universities are still the main centers of culture and knowledge of foreign languages (case of the Spanish language).</text>
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                <text>El español en el Contexto Universitario Argelino</text>
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                <text>Machine Translation: Reality and Perspective
Arab and foreign researchers have contributed to the enrichment of linguistic research, due to the advancement of linguistic studies, scientific and technical innovations. This has led to the emergence of new scientific fields where linguistic studies overlap with scientific and technical studies for the development and automatic processing of language. As a result, many achievements and computer applications have been made, but translation still faces many obstacles such as the difference in grammar between the source language and the target language, the cost of funding and cultural references. For this purpose, in this descriptive research, we highlight the solutions proposed and the appropriate approaches to overcome these difficulties. This work shows that the adoption of machine translation has become a necessity, especially in specialized technical fields.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>الترجمة الآلية - الواقع والآفاق-</text>
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                <text>Why our students do not speak French?
This paper focuses on the oral production of students enrolled in the License of French CUR Ahmed Zabana Relizane. Our goal is to identify the difficulties and apprehensions of these students for French as Foreign Language Affairs (FLE) and this in light of the research results of experts in this field. Our goal is to take stock of the situation of students enrolled in 1LTD License and to identify didactic processes to better understand discourse processes and oral language skills. French in these students.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Pourquoi nos Etudiants ne Parlent-ils pas Français ?</text>
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                <text>A Study of the State and Translation Practices of the Aljamiados Sermons
During the Middle Ages, the Mudejars developed a transliteration system from Castilian to Arabic characters that was stabilized in 1462. This system was adopted by the Moors: it is what, in modern times, is known as "aljamiada" and which is remained in use until the early 17th century, when the Moors were finally expelled. We will try to address, in a generic way, the causes and objectives of the constitution of this aljamiado corpus. Special attention will be paid to the genre of sermons, through its double aspect of religious instruction, as moral discourse, and the normative ritual fulfillment of religious practice. The reflection that we propose will follow a development in three stages: after a brief summary of the situation of Arabic and vernacular languages in medieval Islam and the medieval Muslim West, we will address the appearance of these vernacular texts, according to a chosen textual genre, that of sermons, as well as its evolution, or even a form of motivated reworking.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/563/454</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2012 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 11 No 1 (2012): Traduction et Langues Volume 11: Issue 1/Août 2012; 149-155</text>
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                <text>aljamiada</text>
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                <text>Estudio de La Situación y Las Prácticas de Traducción de Los Sermones Aljamiados</text>
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