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                <text>ملياني,  محمد</text>
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                <text>Cet article cherche à approcher le terme dans les études linguistiques afin de révéler son imbrication et sa multiplicité qui conduisent nécessairement à la dispersion dans la compréhension, la confusion et l'anxiété.Parmi les questions fréquemment posées qui composent le problème linguistique actuel, figure la question du terme comme clé la plus importante de la science, qui a préoccupé les linguistes et les penseurs dès leur plus jeune âge, en raison de son importance particulière dans les pratiques linguistiques en général, et le rôle efficace qu’il joue dans l'élaboration de théories ainsi que la facilitation de l'interaction entre ceux qui sont engagés dans le domaine de l'étude linguistique. La nécessité méthodologique nous oblige à comprendre le concept du terme dans ses acceptions linguistiques et techniques.
La recherche nous a conduit à penser que la différence de la terminologie est due au grand nombre de traductions, à la culture différente des traducteurs et aux différentes langues à partir desquelles ils ont été transférés. Car le monde arabe, dans son ouverture à la culture occidentale, se divise en deux parties. La première partie est similaire au Mashreq arabe, qui est lié à l'Occident par la culture anglo-saxonne, et la seconde partie est similaire au Maghreb arabe, qui est lié à l'Occident par la culture latine, sa nomenclature et ses conventions, et le Mashreq arabe est basé sur la langue anglaise. À cela s'ajoute le grand nombre de synonymes qui distinguent l'arabe des autres langues, ce qui signifie que la synonymie ne demeure pas un avantage de l'arabe, mais plutôt un fardeau.La multiplicité du terme et ses chevauchements conduisent - inévitablement - à l'incapacité de l’utilisation correcte du concept et de son contrôle. Aussi, l'absence d'un fondement théorique clair et stable pour le terme linguistique unifié. En conséquence, les études linguistiques à la lumière de la culture arabe sont toujours à la recherche de la stabilité d'un système terminologique qui répond aux besoins des savants et des universitaires et leur fournisse une langue de communication particulière.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;
The Plurality of the “Term”and its Overlap in Arabic Linguistic Studies
This research paper seeks to approach the term in linguistic studies in order to reveal its overlap and multiplicity that necessarily leads to dispersion in understanding, confusion, and anxiety.Among the frequently asked questions that make up the current linguistic problem, is the issue of the term as the most important key to science, which preoccupied linguists and thinkers from an early age, because of its special importance in linguistic practices in general, and the effective role it plays in developing theories, and facilitating interaction between those engaged in the field of linguistic study. The methodological necessity requires us to understand the concept of the term in its linguistic and technical meanings.The research leads to think that the difference in the terminology is due to a large number of translations, the different cultures of translators, and the different languages from which they were transferred. Because the Arab world, in its opening to Western culture, is divided into two parts. The first part is similar to the Arab Mashreq, which is linked to the West through the Anglo-Saxon culture, and the second part is similar to the Arab Maghreb, which is linked to the West through Latin culture, its nomenclature and conventions, and the Arab Mashreq is based on the English language.” Added to this is the large number of synonyms that distinguish Arabic from other languages, meaning that synonymy does not remain an advantage of Arabic, but rather burdens it. The multiplicity of the term and its overlapping lead - inevitably - to the inability to use the correct and correct use of the concept and its control. Also, the absence of a clear and stable theoretical foundation for the unified linguistic term. Accordingly, linguistic studies in light of the Arab culture are still searching for the stability of a terminological system that meets the needs of scholars and academics and provides them with a special language of communication.</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 97-103</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
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                <text>Approach</text>
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                <text>Linguistic Studies</text>
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                <text>plurality in meaning</text>
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                <text>synonymy in Arabic.</text>
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                <text>Terminologie</text>
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                <text>Études linguistiques</text>
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                <text>pluralité de sens</text>
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                <text>synonymie en arabe.</text>
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                <text>تعدّد المصطلح وتداخله في الدّراسات اللغّوية العربية</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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                <text>Bouhadiba , Zoulikha</text>
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                <text>2006-12-31</text>
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                <text>Mimic Language A strategy for learning oral language
This article focuses on mimic language as a strategy for teaching the oral component of a foreign language. We pleaded for a pedagogy based on the corporality allowing students to appropriate the salient features of the foreign language. In any process of verbal and non-verbal communication, the mimic language occupies a dominating place. This non-verbal (or gestural) language is also a “mirror” translating and reflecting culture on a daily basis. It facilitates the assimilation of the oral code of a foreign language and makes it more explicit. On the other hand, it becomes an art in a class practice. It is a pedagogy based on mimic language as a learning strategy that often calls on unrevealed skills for learners. It's an easy, fun, and often satisfying strategy — but it, like any other learning technique, has its own set of instructions that must be used rationally.</text>
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                <text>Cet article s’intéresse au langage mimique comme stratégie de faire apprendre lacomposante orale d’une langue étrangère. Nous avons plaidé pour une pédagogie axée sur lacorporalité permettant aux étudiants de s’approprier les traits saillant de la langue étrangère.Dans tout processus de communication verbale et non-verbale, le langage mimique occupe uneplace prépondérante. Ce langage non-verbal (ou gestuel) est aussi un « miroir » traduisant etreflétant la culture au quotidien. Il facilite l’assimilation du code oral d’une langue étrangère etla rend plus explicite. En revanche, il devient un art dans une pratique de classe. Il s’agit d’unepédagogie basée sur le langage mimique comme stratégie d’apprentissage qui fait souvent appelà des compétences non-révélés chez les apprenants. C’est une stratégie facile, amusante, etsouvent satisfaisante – mais elle a, comme toute autre technique d’apprentissage, son propremode d’emploi qui doit être utilisé de façon rationnelle.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313481">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 92-96</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>1112-3974</text>
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                <text>Mimic language</text>
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                <text>body integration</text>
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                <text>oral lessons</text>
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                <text>foreign language class</text>
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                <text>Langage mimique</text>
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                <text>intégration corporelle</text>
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                <text>cours d'oral</text>
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                <text>classe de langues étrangères</text>
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                <text>Le langage mimique Une stratégie d’apprentissage de la langue orale</text>
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                <text>Benyamina , Habib</text>
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                <text>Use of new techniques (Internet) in foreign language courses(Russian civilisation)
This article deals with the question of the integration of new techniques, in particular the Internet, into classroom practice. It will be a question of pedagogical practices centered on the courses of Russian civilization with Algerian students learning Russian as a foreign language. To do so, we presented a general overview of the Internet in Russia, then we discussed the educational use of the Internet in order to arrive at recommendations as to the use of the media and the Internet in language classes.However, the Internet tool constitutes an effective educational device and a didactic support in the learning of foreign languages and more particularly Russian in any civilizational course. It is essential to introduce this new technology at University in order to replace traditional techniques and adapt to international standards. As a result, Algerian specialists must look into account Internet methodology or Internet didactics for the sake of a real integration of new technologies in higher education.</text>
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                <text>Cet article traite de la question de l’intégration de nouvelles techniques notamment internet dans une pratique de classe. Il sera question de pratiques pédagogiques centrée sur les cours de civilisation russe auprès d’étudiants Algériens apprenant le Russe comme langue étrangère. Pour ce faire, nous avons présenté une vue générale de l’internet en Russie, ensuite nous avons discuté l’usage pédagogique de l’internet afin de parvenir à des recommandations quant à l’usage des médias et internet en classe de langues.Or, l’outil Internet constitue un dispositif pédagogique et un support didactique efficace dans l’apprentissage des langues étrangères et plus particulièrement le russe dans tout cours civilisationnel. Il s’avère indispensable d’introduire cette nouvelle technologie à l’université afin de substituer les techniques traditionnelles et s’adapter aux normes internationales. De ce fait, les spécialistes algériens doivent se pencher sur la méthodologie Internet ou bien la didactique d’Internet dans un souci d’une intégration réelle des nouvelles technologies dans l’enseignement supérieur.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313454">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 85-91</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Internet in Russia</text>
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                <text>pedagogical use of the Internet</text>
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                <text>intercultural competence</text>
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                <text>course of Russian civilization.</text>
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                <text>Internet en Russie</text>
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                <text>usage pédagogique de l’internet</text>
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                <text>compétence interculturelle</text>
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                <text>cours de civilisation russe</text>
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                <text>Utilisation de nouvelles techniques (Internet) dans les cours des langues étrangères (Civilisation Russe)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313415">
                <text>Boudehir , Tahar</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;
Elaboration of a Russian language Textbook for Algerian Students
The Algerian school must have at its base the conditions or rudiments necessary to give a certain new quality to the strategy of the development of education by making it more human and modern. The stakes are high, hence the need to reflect on the development of a teaching program that responds to contemporary teaching methods.It is therefore incumbent on the university to put all the means of useful investigations to get education out of this multidimensional crisis and to implement a new teaching model and finally to reform university, this reform imposes a reflection on the model of university that we want to establish and therefore propose a planning of the educational process.For students of the Russian language, it is necessary today to carry out a pedagogical "Perestroika" and to draw up a textbook more adapted to the changes perpetuated in Russia since the 1990s, because with the existing textbooks students are overwhelmed by events and are far from responding to the current reality in Russia and in the world.
ISSN : 1112 – 397481L’école algérienne en général et l’université en particulier vit un malaise, elle doit prendre sa responsabilité quant au développement de l’enseignement en tant que base pouvant servir à un développement social, économique et spirituel de notre société.Depuis les années quatre-vingt, nous assistons à l’échec du système éducatif victime des surenchères politiciennes et proie à un système rétrograde dépourvu de tout caractère scientifique. À partir des années quatre-vingt-dix, l’Algérie subit des changements provoqués par des bouillonnements sociaux, économiques et culturels, Aujourd’hui à l’ère de la mondialisation, l’université algérienne doit se mettre au diapason avec le reste des universités dans le monde et rejoindre le banc des bons écoliers dans le domaine scientifique car tout retard nous est chaotique, il nous met en marge du développement et nous rend totalement absent de l’écriture de la nouvelle histoire mondiale, l’heure est donc à la restructuration.L’Algérien a besoin d’un enseignement de qualité qui exige un apport primordial de moyens scientifiques modernes. Les tendances actuelles pour le développement de l’enseignement exigent à trouver de nouvelles formes et méthodes d’organisation du processus éducatif.L’école algérienne doit donc avoir à la base les conditions ou rudiments nécessaires pour donner une certaine qualité nouvelle à la stratégie du développement de l’enseignement en le rendant plus humain et moderne. L’enjeu est grand d’où la nécessité de réfléchir à l’élaboration d’un programme d’enseignement répondant aux méthodes didactiques contemporaines.Il incombe donc à l’université de mettre tous les moyens d’investigations utiles pour sortir l ’ enseignement de cette crise multidimensionnelle et mettreOur task as teachers therefore consists, through this modest work, of preparing students in the Russian language and providing them with the necessary material, i.e. the textbook to serve as a basis for learning the Russian language, but without the effort combined with the teachers and the didactic means necessary and obligatory in such circumstances, no textbook, no matter how efficient, can carry out such a delicate task. Our goal is to ensure that the student has good pronunciation, the acquisition of a large number of vocabularies, a good grammatical knowledge and above all the possibility of communicating in the language studied.it should be noted that the development of a Russian language textbook is of paramount importance for the Algerian student, because the radical changes observed in Russia in all fields, in particular those relating to the socio-economic and cultural sphere, have lately, must in one way or another make some more than necessary corrections to the content of the said textbook.Through this work we concluded that the textbook must be designed according to the requirements of the time and must serve as a bridge between the past and the future, it is a window through which we look at the other, understand him, understand his culture, his way of life, his religion and learn his language to better arm oneself with the rudiments necessary to dialogue with him. It is therefore more than important when making a manual to take all the parameters into consideration and leave none if we do not want to have as we say in Russian tales: “Избушка на курьих ножках”. (Maisonette on chicken feet)
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Cet article vise à mener une réflexion sur les critères nécessaires à l’élaboration d’un manuel de la langue Russe destiné aux étudiants à l’Université Algérienne. Notre but est de mettre en relief les difficultés rencontrées par nos étudiants afin d’acquérir la langue Russe dans l’absence d’un manuel adapté à la réalisé au monde russophone. Il s’agit de savoir communiquer avec l’autre en utilisant sa langue sans oublier les soubassements culturels qui accompagnent cet acte d’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère.Cette recherche nous a conduit à la conclusion que l’élaboration d’un manuel de langue russe est d’une grande importance pour les étudiants Algériens car ils doivent être conscients des changements radicaux observés en Russie dans tous les domaines en particulier ceux relatifs à la sphère socio-économique et culturelle ces derniers temps. Ce manuel doit être conçu de façon à ce qu’il comporte ces changements afin de permettre à nos étudiants de communiquer avec l’autre, le comprendre, comprendre sa culture, son mode de vie, sa religion et apprendre sa langue pour mieux dialoguer et négocier surtout.Il s’avère est donc primordial d’élaborer ce manuel tout en prenant en compte les paramètres mentionnés et ne laisser rien au hasard comme disait le dicton russe « Избушка на курьих ножках » (Maisonnette sur des pattes de poule).</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313425">
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 80-84</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
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                <text>Textbook for Algerian students</text>
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                <text>university</text>
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                <text>learning</text>
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                <text>methodology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313435">
                <text>Manuel pour les étudiants Algériens</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313436">
                <text>école Algérienne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313437">
                <text>université</text>
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                <text>apprentissage</text>
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                <text>méthodologie</text>
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                <text>Élaboration d'un manuel de la langue Russe pour les étudiants Algériens</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313386">
                <text>Seddiki, Aoussine</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2006-12-31</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313388">
                <text>Le phénomène de la diversité linguistique et culturelle dans les différents pays et régions du monde reçoit délibérément une attention particulière dans ce processus d'information. Guidés par le principe du pluralisme linguistique dans la conception des programmes audiovisuels respectifs (culture, affaires, politique, religion, sport, amour, tourisme, vie quotidienne, ...), les experts des médias essaient d'utiliser les langues mondiales bien connues (anglais, français, arabe, espagnol, allemand, chinois) et de tenir compte des différences culturelles. En plus de ces langues répandues, les langues dites ethniques des minorités (kiswahili, luo, ourdou, kabyle, croate, lituanien, afrikaans,) sont également prises en compte.Sur la base d'une évaluation pragmatique, cet article montre dans quelle mesure l'offre multilingue des médias détermine le caractère des gens et combien d'obstacles doivent être surmontés pour que le pluralisme linguistique dans le secteur des médias puisse avoir un impact optimal sur la mémoire collective. Des exemples concrets de la presse algérienne sont présentés à titre d'illustration, qui soulignent l'importance du multilinguisme pour l'échange socioculturel et économique souhaité.Cette recherche mène à dire que le pluralisme linguistique recherché par l'Algérie dans le secteur des médias constitue une base fiable pour une transmission optimale de l'information. La variété des langues et des cultures qui existent dans ce pays signifie que les organisations médiatiques doivent porter une attention particulière aux langues et dialectes les plus couramment utilisés dans les différentes régions algériennes, afin d'assurer une communication efficace avec le public.
En ce qui concerne le placement de l'article de journal respectif dans la presse écrite et la radio, le critère mondial d'actualité ou l'importance du sujet traité est pris en compte. Ce facteur décidera quelle matière sera prioritaire, qu'il s'agisse de l'arabe, du français ou du berbère. La publication d'articles de journaux dans les médias algériens ne dépend pas de la langue choisie.</text>
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                <text>&amp;nbsp;
Linguistic Pluralistic Media Strategies Opportunities for multilingual societies and their information culture
The phenomenon of linguistic and cultural diversity in the individual countries and regions of the world is deliberately given significant attention in this information process. Guided by the principle of linguistic pluralism in the design of the respective audiovisual programs (culture, business, politics, religion, sport, love, tourism, everyday life, ...), the media experts try to use the well-known world languages (English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Chinese) and to take cultural differences into account. In addition to these widespread languages, the so-called ethnic languages of minorities (Kiswahili, Luo, Urdu, Kabyle, Croatian, Lithuanian, Afrikaans,) are also taken into account.Based on a pragmatic assessment, this article shows the extent to which the multilingual range of media determines people's character and what number of hurdles need to be overcome so that language pluralism in the media sector can have an optimal impact on collective memory. Concrete examples from the Algerian press are shown for illustration, which emphasize the importance of multilingualism for the desired socio-cultural and economic exchange.This research leads to say that language pluralism pursued by Algeria in the media sector forms a reliable basis for the optimal forwarding of information. The variety of languages and cultures that coexist in this country means that media organizations need to pay particular attention to the languages and dialects most commonly used in the different Algerian regions, in order to ensure effective communication with the public.With regard to the placement of the respective newspaper article in print and radio, the worldwide criterion of topicality or the importance of the topic treated is taken into account. This factor will decide which variety will be given priority, whether it is Arabic, French or Berber. The publication of newspaper articles in the Algerian media does not depend on the selected language.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>deu</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313396">
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              <elementText elementTextId="313397">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 69-79</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Stratégies médiatiques pluralistes</text>
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                <text>culture de l'information</text>
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                <text>articles de journaux</text>
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                <text>Algérie</text>
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                <text>Pluralistic media strategies</text>
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                <text>multilingual societies</text>
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                <text>Algeria</text>
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                <text>Sprachpluralistische Medienstrategien Möglichkeiten für multilinguale Gesellschaften und ihre Informationskultur</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313357">
                <text>Sebbane , Zoubida</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313358">
                <text>2006-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313359">
                <text>This paper attempts to shed light on the way the child learns his mother tongue. Theoretical considerations have been given to explain the mechanisms of child language acquisition. Then, the issues of learning a foreign language have been discussed. In fact, foreign language learning has raised much controversial debates. Reality and various experiences demonstrated that there is no satisfactory method for teaching. Because of the lack of feasibility, a method fails to be used or it is substituted by a new one. It is indeed very difficult to opt for only one single method for both children and adults. Many factors have proved to be influential into the process of acquisition/learning. It is undeniably realized that to learn a language, be it the mother tongue or a foreign language, is to learn how to practice it, how to use it, and to appropriate and assimilate the different ways to respond to it taking into account the circumstances of the situation.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Cet article tente d'éclairer la manière dont l'enfant apprend sa langue maternelle. Des considérations théoriques ont été données pour expliquer les mécanismes d'acquisition du langage chez l'enfant. Ensuite, les enjeux de l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère ont été abordés.L'apprentissage des langues étrangères a soulevé de nombreuses controverses. Aucune méthode n'a réellement montré de résultats satisfaisants. Chaque nouvelle méthode est saluée avec beaucoup d'enthousiasme, elle reste en vogue plus ou moins longtemps, puis elle est finalement abandonnée soit parce que sa faisabilité n'a pas été prouvée, soit parce qu'une nouvelle méthode l'a supplantée. Il est en effet très difficile de proposer une méthode générale applicable tant les situations et les besoins des apprenants présentent de nombreuses variables. L'apprenant est-il un enfant ou un adulte ? Apprend-il avec un enseignant ou seul ? à l'aide d'enregistrements ou de diffusions de leçons ? sur quel système peut-il se concentrer ? a-t-il besoin d'un cursus s'étalant sur plusieurs années ou cherche-t-il à acquérir l'essentiel dans un temps beaucoup plus limité ? Quelles que soient les réponses à ces questions, il faut admettre que dans presque tous les cas, l'enfant apprendra l'anglais de manière artificielle, c'est-à-dire très différemment de la manière naturelle dont il a acquis sa langue maternelle, avec une exposition constante à la langue de sa famille, de son environnement et avec une forte motivation instinctive pour apprendre un moyen de communication verbale efficace. Apprendre une langue, que ce soit sa langue maternelle ou une langue étrangère, c'est apprendre à l'utiliser, à répondre aux situations en y disant les choses qui conviennent, à comprendre ce que les autres y disent et, finalement, à lire et à écrire dans cette langue.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313362">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/351</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313363">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1.351</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313364">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313365">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313366">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/351/273</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313367">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313368">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 64-68</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313369">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313370">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313371">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313372">
                <text>Speech and speaking</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313373">
                <text>language performance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313374">
                <text>child</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313375">
                <text>language skills</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313376">
                <text>learning and teaching methods.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313377">
                <text>Parole et expression orale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313378">
                <text>performance langagière</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313379">
                <text>enfant</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313380">
                <text>compétences linguistiques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313381">
                <text>méthodes d'apprentissage et d'enseignement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313382">
                <text>Language Learning and Teaching Methods How a child learns his mother tongue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313330">
                <text>Touhami  , Ouissem</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313331">
                <text>2006-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fidelity in Translation
Evoking terms such as fidelity, infidelity; translatability, untranslatability; literal translation, free translation, automatically leads us to think of the close relationship between all these concepts and their use, sometimes inappropriate, by the majority of our students. For this reason, we will try in this paper to make a brief review of the definitions of these concepts by important translation theorists.The brief review of the definitions of some translation theorists gives us a clear idea of the confusion that reigns when it comes to defining certain concepts in translation studies. This can be due to the fact that there is no agreement among great scholars themselves upon certain concepts which leads to confusion.It is to be noted that the biggest problem in the definition of certain translation concepts is due, precisely, to the inappropriateness of the selected approach. Questions that should be raised in any act of translation are essential in the understanding and the success of the process of translation itself. Who translates what? For whom? When? Where? Why? And under what circumstances?</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313333">
                <text>Évoquant des termes telles que fidélité, infidélité ; traduisibilité, intraduisibilité ; traduction littérale, traduction libre, nous amène automatiquement à penser à la relation étroite entre tous ces concepts et leur utilisation, parfois inappropriée, par la majorité de nos étudiants. Pour cette raison, nous essaierons dans cet article de faire une brève revue des définitions de ces concepts par d'importants théoriciens de la traduction.La brève revue des définitions de certains théoriciens de la traduction nous donne une idée claire de la confusion qui règne lorsqu'il s'agit de définir certains concepts en traductologie. Cela peut être dû au fait qu'il n'y a pas d'accord entre les grands théoriciens eux-mêmes sur certains concepts, ce qui porte à confusion.Il est à noter que le plus gros problème dans la définition de certains concepts de traduction tient, justement, à l'inadéquation de l'approche retenue. Les questions qui doivent être soulevées dans tout acte de traduction sont essentielles à la compréhension et à la réussite du processus de traduction lui-même. Qui traduit quoi ? Pour qui? Quand ? Où? Pourquoi ? Et dans quelles circonstances ?</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/350</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313336">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1.350</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313337">
                <text>spa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313338">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313339">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/350/272</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313340">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313341">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 58-63</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313342">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313343">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313344">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313345">
                <text>Untranslatability</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313346">
                <text>concepts of fidelity in translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313347">
                <text>literal translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313348">
                <text>translation theory.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313349">
                <text>Intraduisibilité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313350">
                <text>concepts de fidélité en traduction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313351">
                <text>traduction littérale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313352">
                <text>théorie de la traduction.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313353">
                <text>Fidelidad y Traducción</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313354">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313355">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313301">
                <text>Daoud  , Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313302">
                <text>2006-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Translation of the Imaginary and Otherness
It is perhaps useless to repeat that the translation of modern literature, written in Arabic, is a necessity for the readership of the countries of Europe and the Americas, not only their translation allows exchanges, but above all, it gives to see societies which are not blocked at the exotic, primitive stage, but which have integrated modernity despite the obscurantist temptations of certain elites who occupy the places of production or reproduction of symbolic capital, of the conception of the political decision or of its implementation. Also, it must be said that with the beginning of this new and helping globalization, many classificatory categories have lost their old meanings to take on new meanings, such as history, ideology, and culture. Several thinkers have predicted their "ends", what interests us here is "the end of monoculturalisms".Then, we can affirm that ultimately the East exists in the West and the latter exists in the former and that even these distinctions are rather more imaginary than real and only an objective dialogue between the different cultures can bring each civilization back to its true value and will reduce the distance between each other and globalize civilization, because world civilization can only be the coalition, on a world scale, of cultures each preserving its originality. The translation of symbolic and imaginary production will certainly contribute to this coalition.
and imaginary production will certainly contribute to this coalition.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313304">
                <text>Cet article traite de la question de la traduction de l’imaginaire (l’oeuvre littéraire) et les enjeux relatifs aux images et aux écritures de l’altérité. Nous nous intéressons à la perception de l’Orient à travers la traduction de l'oeuvre monumentale des Mille et une nuits.Nous avons réalisé que certains changements en terme de la perception du monde arabo-musulman ont été repérés. La vision ethnocentriste et/ou europocentriste a commencé à présenter des fissures à partir de la première guerre mondiale.Aussi, il faut dire que plusieurs concepts ont changé de signifiance avec l’avènement de la globalisation, telles que l'histoire, l'idéologie, la culture. De ce fait, c’est " la fin des monoculturalismes" selon la formule de Farhad Khosrokhavar. On peut également dire que l'Orient existe en Occident et les deux s’entrelacent de façon interchangeables. C’est la traduction de la production symbolique et imaginaire qui pourrait contribuer à replacer les distinctions qui sont plutôt plus imaginaires que réelles et qu’à travers la traduction seule un dialogue objectif s’installera entre les différentes civilisations qui deviendront mondiales.Mots clés : Images, écritures, altérité, ouvres traduites, l’imaginaire Occidental.</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313305">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313306">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/349</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313307">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1.349</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313308">
                <text>fra</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313309">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313310">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/349/271</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313311">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313312">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 49-57</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313313">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313314">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313315">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Images</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313317">
                <text>writings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313318">
                <text>otherness</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313319">
                <text>translated works</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313320">
                <text>the Western imagination.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313321">
                <text>Images</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313322">
                <text>écritures</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313323">
                <text>altérité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313324">
                <text>œuvres traduites</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313325">
                <text>l’imaginaire Occidental.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313326">
                <text>Traduction de l'imaginaire et l'altérité</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313246">
                <text>Belkacemi , Hafida</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313247">
                <text>2006-12-31</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313248">
                <text>The notion of equivalence is one of the most problematic areas in the theory of translation. Various translation theories proposed by different translation theoreticians discussed, analyzed, evaluated this term from different points of view, and approached it from different perspectives.This paper is an attempt to discuss the notion of equivalence as well as the different theories useful to trace back the evolution of this concept. We try to answer the main question: How do theoreticians of translation perceive “equivalence”?It is realized that the difficulty in defining equivalence seems to result in the impossibility of having a universal approach to this notion. There is no universally accepted theory of translation because the people who are qualified to form them have differences of opinion. However, the knowledge of these different views help the students of translation to know the basic features of translation.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313249">
                <text>La notion d'équivalence est l'un des domaines les plus problématiques de la théorie de la traduction. Diverses théories de la traduction proposées par différents théoriciens de la traduction ont discuté, analysé, évalué ce terme de différents points de vue et l'ont approché de différentes perspectives.Cet article est une tentative de discuter de la notion d'équivalence ainsi que des différentes théories utiles pour retracer l'évolution de ce concept. Nous essayons de répondre à la question principale : comment les théoriciens de la traduction perçoivent-ils « l'équivalence » ?On s'aperçoit que la difficulté à définir l'équivalence semble se traduire par l'impossibilité d'avoir une approche universelle de cette notion. Il n'y a pas de théorie de la traduction universellement acceptée parce que les personnes qualifiées pour les former ont des opinions divergentes. Cependant, la connaissance de ces différents points de vue aide les étudiants en traduction à connaître les caractéristiques de base de la traduction.</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313250">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313251">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/348</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="313252">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1.348</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313254">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313256">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313258">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/348/270</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313260">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313262">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 43-48</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313264">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313266">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313268">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313270">
                <text>Translation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313272">
                <text>dynamic equivalence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313274">
                <text>formal correspondence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313276">
                <text>interpretation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313278">
                <text>Traduction</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313280">
                <text>équivalence dynamique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313282">
                <text>correspondance formelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313284">
                <text>interprétation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313286">
                <text>The Notion of Equivalence in Translation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313288">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313290">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313292">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="7134" public="1" featured="0">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313194">
                <text>Lachachi , Djamel Eddine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313195">
                <text>2006-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313196">
                <text>Cet article traite de la formation des mots en arabe. L'analyse conduit à la conclusion que l'arabe a un très petit nombre d'affixes, mais grâce à l'inflexion interne, c'est un moyen important d'enrichir le vocabulaire. L'affixe n'a pas de voyelle, seul le mot formé a des voyelles. On peut énoncer ce qui suit ; dans les deux langues (arabe et allemand) le même phénomène se produit :1. Le préfixe appartient au verbe (IBN JINNI I,230)2. Suffixation au nom (IBN JINNI I,236)En arabe, la quantité s'exprime par des noms et non par des adjectifs, surtout lorsqu'il s'agit des chiffres de 3 à 10. Bien que l'affixe soit largement utilisé en arabe, le nombre d'affixes reste très faible, et les Arabes n'ont pas créé de nouveaux affixes :La langue arabe n'a pas eu à créer d'autres affixes. Elle pouvait multiplier les affixes existants par inflexion interne. Cela corrobore le point de vue de Fleisch stipulant que : L'arabe classique sort alors de l'épreuve avec grand honneur et reste un exemple typique de langue à flexion interne".</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313197">
                <text>Word Formation in Arabic 
This research paper discusses word formation in Arabic. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Arabic has a very small number of affixes, but thanks to internal inflection it is an important means of enriching vocabulary. The affix has no vowel, only the formed word has vowels. One can state the following; in both languages (Arabic and German) the same phenomenon occurs:1. Prefix belongs to the verb (IBN JINNI I,230)2. Suffixation to the noun (IBN JINNI I,236)In Arabic, quantity is expressed by nouns and not by adjectives, especially when it comes to the numbers 3 to 10. Although affixing is widely used in Arabic, the number of affixes remains very small, and the Arabs have not created any new affixes:The Arabic language has not had to create other affixes. She could multiply the existing affixes through internal inflection. This corroborates Fleisch view stating that: "Classical Arabic then comes out of the test with great honor and remains a&amp;nbsp; typical example of an internally inflected language".
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
typical example of an internally inflected language".</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313198">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313199">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/347</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313200">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1.347</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313202">
                <text>deu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313204">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313206">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/347/269</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313208">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2006 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313210">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 5 No 1 (2006): Traduction et Langues Volume 5: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2006 ; 26-42</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313212">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313214">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313216">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v5i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313218">
                <text>Morphèmes grammaticaux internes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313220">
                <text>flexion dérivationnelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313222">
                <text>construction des mots</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313224">
                <text>morphologie Arabe</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313226">
                <text>Internal grammatical morphemes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313228">
                <text>derivational inflection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313230">
                <text>construction of words</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313232">
                <text>Arabic morphology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313234">
                <text>Wortbildung im Arabischen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313236">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313238">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="313240">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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