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                <text>حفيظة , بلقاسمي</text>
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                <text>Le théâtre de Shakespeare est une source qui a marqué de son empreinte les caractéristiques artistiques du théâtre anglais en particulier et du théâtre mondial en général. Il a composé la plupart de ses pièces sous forme de poésie transmise, et le théâtre poétique s'appuie principalement du côté du dialogue sur la musique, le rythme, et la manipulation des mots. Shakespeare aimait les évasions et la manipulation des mots et des expressions, qu'il remplissait d'émotions intenses et d'idées lumineuses pour exprimer dans sa langue distincte les vérités profondes de l'âme humaine.Il est donc inévitable de reconnaître que la traduction du texte théâtral est un processus épineux et complexe, car le théâtre est une forme d'art distincte qui a ses propres particularités, en ce sens qu'il s'agit d'un texte lié au théâtre, écrit pour être entendu par le public, et non écrit pour être lu uniquement. La chose se complique si le théâtre se transmet de poésie, comme c'est le cas pour les pièces de Shakespeare.Cela signifie que quiconque prend la peine de traduire ces chefs-d'oeuvre de l'art dans une langue autre que l'anglais doit préserver cette quantité abondante d'images esthétiques et prendre en considération le langage poétique.C'est ce qu'a réalisé en réalité le traducteur Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, qui a réussi dans une large mesure à transmettre la plupart des pièces de Shakespeare, dont la pièce "Hamlet", selon la mécanique de la traduction littéraire dans ses normes stylistiques.
Il est regrettable que le traducteur Muayyad Al-Kilani ait cité le texte shakespearien, ce qui l'a amené à glisser dans de nombreuses abberations qui l'ont éloigné du contenu du texte original. Nous reconnaissons au traducteur sa tentative de préserver les techniques des personnages, de l'intrigue, du temps et de l'espace, mais il a déformé le texte en excluant les différences culturelles de la pièce, perdant ainsi sa charge esthétique créative.En conséquence, nous reconnaissons que le génie de Shakespeare mérite plus qu'une pause dans d'autres aspects. Nous l'avons traité dans la pièce "Hamlet" basée sur deux traductions différentes à un moment et intégrées à un autre moment, mais la recherche reste grande ouverte pour les chercheurs qui portent l'obsession shakespearienne de faire des folies de la vaste mer de Shakespeare et d'étudier le reste de ses chefs-d'oeuvre du monde qui a inspiré ses contemporains, et a ébloui tout le monde avec un sens et un goût artistique dans toutes les époques qui l'ont suivi.</text>
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                <text>Shakespeare’s theater is a source that has made his mark on the artistic characteristics of the English theater in particular and the world theater in general. He composed most of his plays as transmitted poetry, and poetic theater is based mainly on the side of dialogue on music, rhythm, and manipulation of words. Shakespeare was fond of evasions and manipulation of words and expressions, which he filled with intense emotions and bright ideas to express in his distinct language the deep truths of the human soul.
It is inevitable, then, to recognize that the translation of the theatrical text is a thorny and complex process, because the theater is a distinct art form that has its own peculiarities, in that it is a text related to theater, written to be heard by the audience, and not written for reading only. The matter becomes more complicated if the theater is transmitted poetry, as is the case for Shakespeare's plays.This means that whoever bears the trouble of translating these masterpieces of art into a language other than English, must preserve this abundant amount of aesthetic images and take the poetic language into consideration.This is what the translator Jabra Ibrahim Jabra actually realized, who succeeded to a large extent in transmitting most of Shakespeare's plays, including the play "Hamlet", depending on the mechanics of literary translation in its stylistic standards.It is unfortunate that the translator Muayyad Al-Kilani quoted the Shakespearean text, which caused him to slip into many abberations that sailed him away from the contents of the original text. We acknowledge to the translator his attempt to preserve the techniques of characters, plot, time, and space, but he distorted the text by excluding cultural differences from the play, thus losing its creative aesthetic load.Accordingly, we acknowledge that Shakespeare's genius deserves more than a pause in other aspects. We dealt with it in the play "Hamlet" based on two different translations at one time and integrated at another time, but research remains wide open for researchers who carry Shakespearean obsession to splurge from Shakespeare's vast sea and study the rest of his world masterpieces that inspired his contemporaries, and dazzled everyone with a sense and artistic taste in all the&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;eras that followed him.
&amp;nbsp;
eras that followed him.</text>
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                <text>ara</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/334/257</text>
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                <text>Copyright (c) 2005 TRANSLANG</text>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 4 No 1 (2005): Traduction et Langues Volume 4: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2005 ; 90-100</text>
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                <text>2600-6235</text>
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                <text>Shakespearean text translation</text>
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                <text>poeticity</text>
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                <text>translating poets</text>
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                <text>Jabra Ibrahim Jabra</text>
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                <text>Muayyad Al-Kilani</text>
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                <text>Traduction de texte shakespearien</text>
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                <text>poéticité</text>
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                <text>traduire les poètes</text>
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                <text>Jabra Ibrahim Jabra</text>
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                <text>Muayyad Al-Kilani</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312608">
                <text>ترجمة النص الشكسبيري</text>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312513">
                <text>Lachachi , Djamel Eddine</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2005-12-31</text>
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                <text>In my paper entitled Synchrony and diachrony in dialectology I will try to give a small overview of the different linguistic varieties before discussing the concepts of diachrony and synchrony which are both very closely related to the problems of dialectology. It will also be a question of the relationship between norm and linguistic variation, before concluding our reflection with a didactic point of view. I consider that the dialect can no longer be considered as a handicap to learning a foreign language or a second language. This involves research in sociolinguistics and which also concerns language acquisition to have ample information on the knowledge possessed by the pupils in relation to the different varieties and the way in which they will react to linguistic demands.</text>
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                <text>Dans cet article intitulée synchronie et diachronie en dialectologie je vais essayer de donner un petit aperçu sur les différentes variétés linguistiques avant de discuter les concepts de diachronie et de synchronie qui sont tous deux en rapport très étroit avec les problèmes de dialectologie. Il sera aussi question des rapports ente norme et variation linguistique, avant de conclure notre réflexion par un point de vue didactique. Je considère que le dialecte ne peut plus être considéré comme handicap à l'apprentissage de langue étrangère ou la langue seconde. Ceci implique une recherche en sociolinguistique et qui concerne aussi l’acquisition du langage pour avoir d’amples informations sur les connaissances des élèves par rapport aux différentes variétés et la manière avec laquelle vont-t-ils réagir face aux exigences linguistiques.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/333</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1.333</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/333/256</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312523">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2005 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 4 No 1 (2005): Traduction et Langues Volume 4: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2005 ; 79-89</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1</text>
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                <text>Linguistic variation</text>
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                <text>synchrony</text>
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                <text>diachrony</text>
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                <text>linguistic norm</text>
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                <text>dialectology</text>
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                <text>variation linguistique</text>
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                <text>synchronie</text>
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                <text>diachronie</text>
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                <text>norme linguistique</text>
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                <text>dialectologie</text>
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                <text>Synchronie et Diachronie en Dialectologie</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312456">
                <text>Klouch , Djilali</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2005-12-31</text>
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                <text>This article focuses on the Middle Eastern civilizational contribution during the medieval period. This contribution has been explained through the works of great scholars, historians, poets, and men of letters. In fact, the most common way by which the richness of Arab thought was brought within reach of the West was the translation into Latin of the Arab originals. Thus, we have come to the conclusion through this modest compilation of historical facts that Arab scholars had flourished during the Middle Ages and wrote a beautiful page on the contribution of Eastern civilization to the Middle Ages West. The figures quoted at the end lead to meditate on the eloquence and scope of Arab thought during this period.</text>
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                <text>Cet article s’intéresse à l’apport civilisationnel Moyen Oriental durant la période médiévale. Cet apport a été explicité à travers des travaux de grands savants, historiens, poètes, hommes de lettres. Au fait, la voie la plus ordinaire par laquelle les richesses de la pensée arabe, mise à la portée de l’Occident a été la traduction en latin des originaux arabes. Ainsi, nous nous sommes arrivé à la conclusion à travers cette modeste compilation de faits historiques que les savants arabes avaient fleuri durant le moyen âge et écrit une belle page sur l’apport de la civilisation orientale à l’Occident moyenâgeux. Les chiffres cités à la fin incitent à méditer sur l’éloquence et la portée de la pensée arabe durant cette période.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/332</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1.332</text>
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                <text>fra</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/332/255</text>
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                <text>Civilizational contribution</text>
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                <text>traduction</text>
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                <text>Malgré les nombreux résultats délivrés par la didactique interculturelle du vocabulaire, l'acquisition du vocabulaire reste l'une des principales difficultés des apprenants en classe d'allemand langue étrangère, en particulier dans les pays non germanophones. Dans cet article, j'essaie de recommander des moyens qui conduisent à un travail de vocabulaire efficace. Une attention particulière est portée à l'aspect interculturel de l'enseignement du vocabulaire. A l'aide de l'exemple du nouveau manuel d'allemand "L'allemand pour l'Algérie - Un manuel interculturel", élaboré par une équipe d'experts germano-algériens, il est montré comment un travail de vocabulaire interculturel peut être effectué. Le vocabulaire en tant que vecteur de culture est soumis à une constante variabilité. C'est précisément cette caractéristique qui mérite une attention particulière dans le processus de médiation et d'appropriation.Cette étude a montré que le point de vue de l'apprenant influence le choix du vocabulaire et le travail de vocabulaire. Comme nous l'avons vu, pour permettre aux apprenants de communiquer la facette interculturelle de la langue, il est nécessaire d'inclure des sujets dans la langue source. En même temps, il faut compter avec un vocabulaire individuellement différencié, qui, cependant, ne peut pas apparaître dans le manuel. Dans ce contexte, je préfère utiliser le critère de l'utilité, qui est tout aussi flou que celui de l'indispensabilité. 
La sélection d'un vocabulaire minimum orienté vers l'apprenant doit contribuer au développement de l'échange interculturel d'informations et tenir compte des conditions sociales et culturelles de la langue cible et du pays. Des sujets tels que les festivals, les vacances, la famille, les loisirs et les coutumes s'avèrent fructueux dans ce contexte puisque la culture arabo-musulmane diffère considérablement de la culture occidentale dans ce domaine. Partant de cette idée, je suis favorable à l'opinion selon laquelle le minimum pour le stade initial, qui est généralement considéré comme plus ou moins certain dans les matériaux d'enseignement et d'apprentissage, devrait être spécifié de telle manière « que les unités lexicales soient omises et complétées par d’autres". Avec la subjectivation du vocabulaire plus objectivement choisi, le minimum devient plus ouvert et ne peut ni ne doit être dogmatiquement limité. Il doit également fournir un espace pour un vocabulaire déterminé intuitivement. D'autre part, les enseignants et les concepteurs de manuels, et plus encore les apprenants, ont besoin d'une certaine orientation quantitative.
Afin de montrer l'ouverture du minimum, je choisis le thème des fêtes/vacances. D'un point de vue interculturel, il convient d'inclure non seulement les mots qui appartiennent aux fêtes chrétiennes (Noël, Pentecôte, Pâques, Ascension, etc.), mais aussi ceux qui accompagnent les fêtes islamiques (Fête du Sacrifice, Ramadan, Mois de Jeûne, Fête des Prophètes, etc.). Toutefois, les unités lexicales qui ne répondent pas aux critères de sélection mentionnés doivent être supprimées ou remplacées.Certes, le manuel a aussi des limites en termes de sélection de vocabulaire. De cette manière, seul un minimum moyen peut être déterminé et enseigné, qui ne contient aucun vocabulaire différencié individuellement. Une autre limite concerne la mise à jour du vocabulaire sélectionné. Si nécessaire, cela ne peut se faire qu'en classe. Par conséquent, le concept de travail de vocabulaire interculturel ne peut être pris en compte que de manière limitée dans le manuel, c'est-à-dire que le manuel n'est qu'insuffisamment en mesure de garantir le transfert du vocabulaire aux conditions de vie et d'expérience personnelles des apprenants.
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Despite the numerous results delivered by intercultural vocabulary didactics, the acquisition of vocabulary is still one of the main difficulties for learners in the classroom of German as a foreign language, especially in non-German-speaking countries. In this article, I try to recommend ways that lead to efficient vocabulary work. Particular attention is paid to the intercultural aspect of teaching vocabulary. Using the example of the new German textbook "German for Algeria - An intercultural textbook", which was developed by a German-Algerian team of experts, it is shown how intercultural vocabulary work can be carried out. The vocabulary as a carrier of culture is subject to constant variability. It is precisely this characteristic that should be given special consideration in the mediation and appropriation process.This study showed that the learner's perspective influences the choice of vocabulary and vocabulary work. As we have seen, in order to enable learners to communicate the intercultural facet of language, it is necessary to include topics in the source language. At the same time, one has to reckon with an individually differentiated vocabulary, which, however, cannot appear in the textbook. In this context, I prefer to use the criterion of usefulness, which is just as vague as that of as that of indispensability.The selection of a learner-oriented minimum vocabulary should contribute to the development of the intercultural exchange of information and take into account the social and cultural conditions of the target language and the country. Topics such as festivals, holidays, family, leisure time, and customs prove to be fruitful in this context since Arabic-Islamic culture differs significantly from Western culture in this area. Based on this idea, I am in favor of the opinion that the minimum for the initial stage, which is generally considered more or less certain in teaching and learning materials, should be specified in such a way "that lexical units are omitted and supplemented by others". With the subjectification of the more objectively selected vocabulary, the minimum becomes more open and cannot and must not be dogmatically limited. It must also provide space for intuitively determined vocabulary. On the other hand, teachers and textbook authors, and even more so learners, need a certain quantitative orientation.
In order to show the openness of the minimum, I choose the theme of festivals/holidays. From an intercultural point of view, not only those words should be included that belong to the Christian festivals (Christmas, Pentecost, Easter, Ascension Day, etc.), but also those that go with the Islamic festivals (Feast of Sacrifice, Ramadan, Fasting Month, Feast of the Prophets, etc.). However, lexical units that do not meet the selection criteria mentioned are to be deleted or replaced.Surely, the textbook also has limits in terms of vocabulary selection. In this way, only an average minimum can be determined and taught, which does not contain any individually differentiated vocabulary. Another limit relates to updating the selected vocabulary. If necessary, it can only be done in class. As a result, the concept of intercultural vocabulary work can only be taken into account to a limited extent in the textbook, i.e. the textbook is only insufficiently able to guarantee the transfer of the vocabulary to the personal living and experience conditions of the learners.
&amp;nbsp;
indispensability.</text>
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                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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                <text>Algerian-German textbook</text>
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                <text>Interkulturelle Wortschatztechniken</text>
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                <text>Avec Internet et ses diverses possibilités, le test/évaluation interactif des compétences en langues étrangères, ici dans le domaine de l'allemand comme langue étrangère/langue seconde, a trouvé son chemin relativement tôt dans ce média. Au départ, ce sont les éditeurs d'allemand langue étrangère et langue seconde qui ont mis à disposition sur Internet des tests de compétence linguistique en versions imprimées avec les livres appropriés pour mieux répartir les apprenants dans les groupes linguistiques appropriés, mais les écoles de langues, les instituts de formation continue et d'autres les établissements ont rapidement emboîté le pas. Les sites Internet ont rendu les tests de langue disponibles pour impression afin de mieux classer leurs apprenants. Cet article se concentre ensuite sur les tests de compétence linguistique en ligne et donne une brève description de certains tests, à savoir DIALANG et Testpodium. Cela conduit au fait que la brève description des différents programmes devrait montrer la prétention et la réalité des tests de compétence linguistique assistés par ordinateur ou sur Internet, qui, avec un certain nombre d'autres programmes, sont certainement qualifiés de tests de diagnostic et de placement.</text>
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                <text>With the Internet and its diverse possibilities, the interactive testing/assessment of foreign language skills, here in the field of German as a foreign language/second language, found its way into this medium relatively early. At first it was the publishers for German as a foreign language and second language who made language proficiency tests available in printed versions on the Internet with the appropriate books to better allocate learners to the appropriate language groups, but language schools, further education institutes and other institutions quickly followed suit Internet sites made language tests available for printing in order to better classify their learners. This article focuses then on online language proficiency tests and gives a brief description of some tests, namely DIALANG, and Testpodium. This leads to the fact that the brief description of the various programs should show the claim and reality of computer-assisted or internet-based language proficiency tests, which, with a number of other programs, definitely qualify as diagnostic and placement tests.</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312286">
                <text>Weidner,  Stefan</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312288">
                <text>On se demande comment et pourquoi la littérature arabe vient en Allemagne dans le cadre d'échanges culturels, la communication de la littérature est une priorité particulière. Elle peut toucher un grand nombre de personnes et ouvre un accès privilégié à l'autre culture. Ce que pensent et ressentent les autres et comment les autres personnes, à quelles traditions ils se réfèrent et comment ils s'expriment - la littérature peut répondre à presque toutes ces questions. De plus, l'autre culture a son mot à dire directement, de sa propre source sans avoir à passer par des experts. Mais même la littérature n'erre pas d'elle-même entre les cultures, surtout quand les fossés entre les deux sont aussi profonds que la mer Méditerranée. Elle a besoin de passeurs, de pilotes, de médiateurs. Un travail qui, dans le cas de l'échange littéraire arabo-allemand, est au moins aussi délicat que celui du messager, parfois tenu pour responsable des nouvelles qu'il apporte. Normalement, la médiation de la littérature utilise les structures de libre marché d'un marché du livre qui fonctionne. Cela a non seulement des avantages financiers considérables ; les lois sur l'économie de marché jouent également le rôle de régulateur de la médiation. Si cela est déplorable dans certains cas, cela a le grand avantage d'être exempt d'idéologie, indépendant des préférences personnelles et mesurable par un critère objectif, à savoir la réussite économique.Toutes ces réglementations sont omises dans la communication de la littérature arabe aux pays germanophones et vice versa. Le flux financier des organes de médiation, notamment les éditeurs et les traducteurs, est actuellement sécurisé par le secteur public. Le marché ne peut pas se le permettre dans un avenir prévisible. Cet article tente d'apporter des solutions à ces problèmes. Une médiation qui survalorise son sujet (comme beaucoup d'Arabes non seulement critiquent sévèrement mais surestiment souvent grossièrement leur culture contemporaine) court un grand risque de finir par médiatiser les lacunes - et ainsi de faire plus de mal que de bien à son sujet. Dès lors, la prétendue solution au dilemme de la médiation, à savoir la multiplication des activités de médiation, recèle des écueils considérables. Chaque intermédiaire doit non seulement bien connaître son sujet, mais aussi évaluer de manière réaliste les limites de sa capacité à communiquer. La médiation culturelle dans le conflit Est-Ouest ne requiert pas des danseurs de rêve, mais des funambules.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>One wonders how and why Arabic literature comes to Germany in cultural exchange, communicating literature is given special priority. It can reach a large number of people and opens up privileged access to the other culture. What and how other people think and feel, which traditions they fall back on and how they express themselves - literature can answer almost all of these questions. In addition, the other culture has its say directly, from its very own source without having to go through experts. But even literature does not wander between cultures of its own accord, especially when the rifts between the two are as deep as the Mediterranean Sea. It needs ferrymen, pilots, mediators. A job that, in the case of the Arabic-German literary exchange, is at least as delicate as that of the messenger, who is sometimes held responsible for the news he brings. Normally, the mediation of literature uses the free-market structures of a functioning book market. This not only has considerable financial advantages; the market economy laws also act as a regulator of mediation. If this is deplorable in some cases, it has the great advantage of being free of ideology, independent of personal preferences and measurable by an objective criterion, namely economic success.All of these regulations are omitted in the communication of Arabic literature to German-speaking countries and vice versa. The financial flow of the mediation bodies, especially the publishers and translators, is currently secured by the public sector. The market cannot afford this in the foreseeable future. This article attempts to bring solutions to these issues. A mediation that overvalues its subject (as many Arabs not only severely criticize but often grossly overestimate their contemporary culture) runs a great risk of ending up mediating the shortcomings - and thereby doing more harm than good to its subject. Therefore, the supposed solution to the mediation dilemma, namely the multiplication of mediating activities, harbors considerable pitfalls. Every intermediary should not only know his subject well, but also realistically assess the limits of his ability to communicate. Cultural mediation in the East-West conflict does not require dream dancers, &amp;nbsp;but tightrope walkers.
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
but tightrope walkers.</text>
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                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/328</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312292">
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>deu</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312294">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312296">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2005 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312297">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 4 No 1 (2005): Traduction et Langues Volume 4: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2005 ; 30-35</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312298">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312299">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312301">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Médiation culturelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312304">
                <text>conflit Est-Ouest</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312306">
                <text>funambule</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312308">
                <text>traduction</text>
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                <text>littérature traduite germano-arabe</text>
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                <text>Cultural mediation</text>
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                <text>East-West conflict</text>
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                <text>tightrope walking</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312318">
                <text>translation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312320">
                <text>German-Arabic translated literature</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312322">
                <text>Westöstlicher Seiltanz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="115965">
                  <text>Articles</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312229">
                <text>Keil , Regina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312230">
                <text>2005-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312231">
                <text>Les œuvres&amp;nbsp;littéraires sont presque entrecoupées d'images linguistiques, de métaphores, de comparaisons, de realia et d'idiomes d'un monde complètement différent de la langue et de la vie, qui documentent et reflètent la double ou triple identité culturelle de leurs auteurs. Le Gone du Chaâba est un parfait exemple de cette réalité. Béni ou le Paradis privé est un autre exemple qui révèle la complexité du transfert culturel lorsqu'il est traduit d'une langue à l'autre. Dans cet article, je me pencherai sur les problèmes de traduction des éléments culturels dans les romans de Azouz Beggag. Ensuite, je discuterai des différentes ambiguïtés en terminant par quelques solutions. On pourrait certes faire une analyse beaucoup plus détaillée et systématique, notamment des problèmes de traduction interculturelle et métalinguistique que soulèvent les romans de Azouz Begag mais j'espère avoir au moins fait prendre conscience qu'une traduction est beaucoup plus un processus, un travail -en cours qu'un produit fini depuis toujours, et surtout lorsqu'il s'agit d'une traduction, qui se situe à l'intersection de trois langues et de leurs cultures sous-jacentes.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312232">
                <text>Literary works are almost interspersed with linguistic images, Metaphors, comparisons, realia, and idioms from a completely different world of language and life, which document and reflect the double or triple cultural identity of their authors. Le Gone du Chaâba is a prime example of this reality. Béni ou le Paradis privé is another instance that reveals the complexity of the cultural transfer when translated from one language to another. In this article, I will consider the problems of translating the cultural items in Azouz Beggag’s novels. Then, I will discuss the different ambiguities ending with some solutions. One could certainly carry out a much more detailed and systematic analysis, especially of the intercultural and metalinguistic translation problems that the novels of Azouz Begag raise but I hope to have at least raised the awareness that a translation is much more of a process, a work-in-progress than an end product that has been completed for all time, and especially when it is a translation, which takes place at the intersection of three languages and their underlying cultures.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312234">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/326</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312235">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1.326</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312236">
                <text>deu</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312237">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312239">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/326/250</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312241">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2005 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312242">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 4 No 1 (2005): Traduction et Langues Volume 4: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2005 ; 7-29</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312244">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312246">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312248">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v4i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312250">
                <text>Littérature Beur</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312252">
                <text>traduction de items culturels</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312254">
                <text>polyphonie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312256">
                <text>Azouz Beggag</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312258">
                <text>Le Gone du Chaâba</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312260">
                <text>Béni ou le Paradis privé.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312262">
                <text>Beur literature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312264">
                <text>translation of cultural items</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312266">
                <text>polyphony</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312268">
                <text>Azouz Begag</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312270">
                <text>Le Gone du Chaâba (Shantytown Kid)</text>
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                <text>Béni Béni ou le Paradis privé</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312274">
                <text>Im Spagat zwischen Zebra und Kuh Literaturübersetzen als Kulturtransfer am Beispiel von Azouz Begag (Nicht nur) Ein Praxisbericht</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312177">
                <text>عقاق , قادة</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312178">
                <text>2004-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312179">
                <text>Le chercheur ne peut pas approfondir la question des origines scientifiques de la théorie sémiotique sans se référer à cet important support méthodologique et à la conception théorique profonde présentée par la recherche des formalistes russes - apparue dans la courte période entre 1915 et 1930 - pour l'analyse sémiotique du discours (narratif) et l'interprétation de diverses formes. Cet article se veut une réflexion sur les prémisses théoriques des cadres formels établis pour traiter la sémiotique narrative. Il ouvre à la fin de nouvelles pistes d'exploration pertinentes pour le sujet.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312180">
                <text>Formal Reference to Narrative Semiotics Premises and Prospects&amp;nbsp;
The researcher cannot delve into the issue of the scientific origins of the semiotic theory, without referring to that important methodological support, and the deep theoretical conception presented by the research of the Russian Formalists - which appeared in the short period between 1915 and 1930 - for the semiotic analysis of (narrative) discourse and the interpretation of various forms. This article is meant to be a reflection upon the theoretical premises of the formal frameworks established to handle narrative semiotics. It opens by the end some new avenues of exploration relevant to the subject matter.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312181">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312182">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/325</text>
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                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1.325</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312184">
                <text>ara</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312185">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312186">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/325/249</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312187">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2004 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312188">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 3 No 1 (2004): Traduction et Langues Volume 3: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2004 ; 78-104</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312189">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312190">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312191">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312192">
                <text>Formal frameworks</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312193">
                <text>narrative semiotics</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312194">
                <text>pragmatic projections</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312195">
                <text>actant</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312197">
                <text>metalanguage</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312199">
                <text>Cadres formels</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312201">
                <text>sémiotique narrative</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312203">
                <text>projections pragmatiques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312204">
                <text>actant</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312206">
                <text>métalangage</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312208">
                <text>المرجعية الشكلانية للسيميائيات السردية: المنطلقات والآفاق</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312210">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312121">
                <text>عيمور,  فتيحة</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312122">
                <text>2004-12-31</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312123">
                <text>Dans cet article intitulé "Quelques observations sur la traduction du droit civil", j'ai l'intention de montrer les contradictions entre les textes arabe et français du droit civil dues au désaccord entre les opinions des juristes sur la question de savoir si le texte arabe ou le texte français doit être la source dans la tâche de traduction. Pour répondre à cette question, j'aborderai d'abord la contradiction entre le texte arabe et le texte français en droit civil, puis j'entamerai la controverse sur l'origine du texte traduit.En fait, notre droit est un mélange des textes du droit égyptien et du droit français, outre le fait qu'il contient des textes qui lui sont propres que l'on ne retrouve ni en droit égyptien ni en droit français. En conséquence, à travers cette recherche, nous demandons au législateur de reconsidérer la traduction du Code civil.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312124">
                <text>Some Observations on the Translation of Civil Law
In this paper entitled "Some observations on the translation of civil law", I intend to show the contradictions between Arabic and French texts of civil law due to disagreement between the opinions of jurists on whether the arabic text or the french text should be the source in the translating task. In order to answer this question, I will first address the contradiction between the Arabic text and the French text in civil law, and then I will address the controversy over the origin of the translated text.In fact, our law is a mixture of the texts of Egyptian law and French law, in addition to the fact that it contains texts of its own that we do not find either in Egyptian law or in French law. Accordingly, through this research we request the legislator to reconsider the translation of the Civil Code.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312125">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312126">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/324</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312127">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1.324</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312128">
                <text>ara</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312129">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312130">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/324/248</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312131">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2004 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312132">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 3 No 1 (2004): Traduction et Langues Volume 3: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2004 ; 74-77</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312133">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312134">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312136">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312138">
                <text>Disagreement</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312140">
                <text>jurists's opinion</text>
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                <text>Désaccord</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312143">
                <text>opinions de juristes</text>
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                <text>contradictions</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312147">
                <text>différence-droit civil</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312149">
                <text>Contradictions</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312151">
                <text>Difference</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312153">
                <text>civil law</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312155">
                <text>بعض الملاحظات حول ترجمة القانون المدني</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312157">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312158">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312160">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="7093" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Articles</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="305416">
                  <text>Articles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312069">
                <text>بن أحمد ,  قويدر</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312070">
                <text>2004-12-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312071">
                <text>Je crois que la communication est le secret de l'être et le secret de l'identité, et qu'elle est réalisatrice du rapprochement, de l'échange et de la présence, et qu'elle ne se limite guère aux outils sauf à les armer pour ce processus, afin que le processus de la communication devient un processus de contraste et de différence. Elle va alors au-delà de tout ça pour devenir un processus de compréhension, d'interprétation et de dialogue ainsi dans le modèle de la totalité et de l'exhaustivité. Cette faculté dépend de ce qu'on appelle le langage au sens que de Saussure voyait : « Le langage est un système de signes ». Par conséquent, l'acculturation a besoin de ce système de signes pour avoir des flux et des reflux et pour gérer la sémantique. Pour parvenir à ce sens de métissage, il faut que le signe porte un contenu dont les modèles de langage ont différé dans son expression. Dès lors, je soulève un certain nombre de questions : quel est le rapport entre traduction et acculturation ? Où se trouve le concept de différence dans cette relation ? Ou plutôt, peut-on parler de la différence suivant la logique de convergence entre les les savoirs humains ?Pour tenter de répondre à ces questions à travers cette réflexion sur la dialectique entre la traduction et l'acculturation, je suis arrivé à la conclusion que la traduction est une méthode qui tente d'établir une philosophie d'un genre particulier en accédant aux significations et en identifiant les mêmes significations implicites pour permettre un groupe pour communiquer avec un autre groupe. Ainsi, le transfert des traits culturels d'une langue particulière d'un groupe à un autre sera encadré par le mouvement à la fois de la langue et de la culture. Si bien que le même mouvement linguistique qui réalise le rapprochement linguistique s'accompagnera du rapprochement culturel tel que le prône l'anthropologie par l'acceptation de la différence.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312072">
                <text>Translation and Acculturation
I believe that communication is the secret of being and the secret of identity, and it is the realizer of rapprochement, exchange, and presence, and it is hardly limited to tools except to harness them for this process so that the process of communication becomes a process of contrast and difference. It goes then beyond that to become a process of understanding, interpretation, and dialogue and thus enters within the model of totality and comprehensiveness. This faculty depends on what is called language in the sense that de Saussure saw: "Language is a system of signs". Therefore, Acculturation needs this system of signs to have ebb and flow and to deal with semantics. To achieve this meaning of cross-fertilization, we need the sign carrying a content that the language models have differed in its expression. Accordingly, I raise a number of questions: What is the relationship between translation and acculturation? Where can the concept of difference be found within this relationship? Or rather, can we talk about the difference between the logic of convergence between human knowledge?In an attempt to answer these questions through this reflection upon the dialectic between translation and acculturation, I have arrived at the conclusion that translation is a method that attempts to establish a philosophy of a special kind by accessing meanings and identifying the same implicit meanings to enable a group to communicate with another group. Thus, the transfer of the cultural traits of a particular language from one group to another will be framed by the motion in both language and culture. So that the same linguistic motion that realizes linguistic rapprochement will be accompanied by cultural rapprochement as advocated in anthropology through acceptance of difference.&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
both language and culture. So that the same linguistic motion that realizes linguistic rapprochement will be accompanied by cultural rapprochement as advocated in anthropology through acceptance of difference.</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312073">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312074">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/323</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312075">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1.323</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312076">
                <text>ara</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312077">
                <text>University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312079">
                <text>https://revue.univ-oran2.dz/revuetranslang/index.php/translang/article/view/323/247</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312081">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2004 TRANSLANG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312083">
                <text>Traduction et Langues; Vol 3 No 1 (2004): Traduction et Langues Volume 3: Numéro: 1/Décembre 2004 ; 60-73</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312085">
                <text>2600-6235</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312086">
                <text>1112-3974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312088">
                <text>10.52919/translang.v3i1</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312090">
                <text>Translation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312092">
                <text>acculturaltion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312094">
                <text>communication</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312096">
                <text>difference</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312098">
                <text>the anthropology of translation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312100">
                <text>Traduction</text>
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                <text>acculturation</text>
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                <text>communication</text>
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                <text>différence</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312107">
                <text>anthropologie de la traduction</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="312109">
                <text>الترجمة والتثاقف</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312111">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="312113">
                <text>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="312115">
                <text>Peer-reviewed Article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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