SELF-PRODUCED NEIGHBOURHOODS IN TUNISIA: FROM VULNERABILITY TO RESILIENCE, WHAT ARE THE RESILIENCE VARIABLES?

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The self-produced housing phenomenon emerged all over Tunisian cities at the beginning of the twentieth century under the impetus of the rural exodus, under the pressure of exclusion mechanisms linked to economic policies and housing policies. Thus, this form of housing has unfortunately become a real sector of popular housing production evolving explosively in the world. It reflects actual forms of precariousness and social exclusion challenging the established urban order. Nowadays, this form of production increasingly attracts the attention of all stakeholders in the city. It combines several limits both at the spatial organization level and at the economic and social level. The requalification attempts have relatively improved living conditions in many neighbourhoods. The built environment which undergoes major transformations is largely neglected. In this paper, we will firstly present the situation of these self-produced neighbourhoods and then: State interventions. From concrete examples in Tunisia, we will question the future of self-produced forms of habitat and how to intervene in a context of resilience to ensure their sustainability. Several issues have to be discussed related to the way of inhabiting these spaces, the architecture produced, the consensus town planning, and the participation of residents. We will try, using an analysis grid, to outline the resilience variables.  The resilience variables allow us to overcome these self-produced quarters' urban and social marginalisation.
يعمل التصوّف على تنمية روح الانتماء للوطن والمساهمة في كلّ ما من شأنه المحافظة على مُكتسباته واستقراره ووحدته الترابية و بذلك يُعتبر التصوّف حُمولة معرفية وتراثية ترسّخ قيم الهوية الوطنية وثقافة التّعايش ومحبّة الآخر والتّسامح والحوار.
        وقد أسهمت الزّوايا إسهامًا كبيرًا في بناء المجتمع وتشكيل الوطن، ويمكننا أن نذكر نماذج تاريخية في المجتمع الجزائري سبق لها أن لعبت هذه الأدوار وارتقت بالعمل الصّوفي إلى مصافّ الفعل الوطني والفعالية الوطنية الإيجابية، ، ومن بين أبرز هذه النّماذج الأمير عبد القادر وأغلب قادة المقاومة الجزائرية، وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة لإبراز الأبعاد الاجتماعية للتصوف في المجتمع الجزائري.
To work the mysticism at devlepement soul affiliation in partrimony and contribution in all from hestains province at here binefit and here stabilitys and here unitys soil and there he respects mysticism cargo knowledge and tradition got values identity nationalism and cultural coexistence and love and toleration and dialogue.
And he contributes the angles contribution failure in building and forming patrimony and we can remind history forms in algerian society past there he plays and he progresses to sufi work iency to national action and  nationalism efficiency positive and from show  there forms amir abd alkader and  most guide algerian resistance and he was this study for show the social dimensions for mysticism in algerian society.

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