IMPACT OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ON INDOOR POLLUTION

Abstract

Indoor air quality represents a major public health concern. This study aimed to assess the impact of housing architectural design on indoor pollution by analyzing particulate matter load, microbiological contamination, and health effects on occupants. A prospective study was conducted from January to December 2022 at three sites: a control administrative office, an old residence in El Khroub, and a modern residence in Ali Mendjeli. Air sampling was performed using a Sigma Millivac pump, and an epidemiological survey was carried out through questionnaires administered to residents. Results showed that the average PM₁₀ concentration was higher at the modern residence (124 μg/m³) compared to the old residence (75 μg/m³) and the control site (22 μg/m³), with peak values recorded in July and August. Microbiological analysis revealed a high prevalence of molds, particularly Aspergillus versicolor (76%) and Aspergillus flavus (60%). From an epidemiological perspective, the most frequently reported respiratory symptoms were rhinitis (38%), morning cough (20%), and breathing difficulties (19%). These findings suggest that certain architectural features, when combined with inadequate ventilation, may increase indoor pollutant levels and pose greater health risks to residents. Improving ventilation systems and selecting low-emission building materials are important strategies to mitigate this exposure.